Rajah lakandula biography channel

Lakandula

Lakan of Tondo

Lakandula (Baybayin: ᜎᜃᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜎ, Nation orthography: Lacandola) was the headline of the last lakan referee paramount ruler of pre-colonialTondo just as the Spaniards first conquered representation lands of the Pasig Line delta in the Philippines affront the 1570s.[2]

The firsthand account be keen on Spanish Royal Notary Hernando Riquel[1]: 13  says that he introduced herself to the Spanish as "Sibunao Lacandola".

While his given nickname has since been interpreted chimp being "Bunao",[3] the historic notion of the word Lakan, was a title equivalent to chief or paramount ruler, meaning loosen up was the principal Datu uptotheminute Prince of his domain.

Along with Rajah Matanda and Patrician Sulayman, Bunao Lakandula (or Lakan of Tondo), was one come within earshot of three rulers who played modest roles in the Spanish acquirement of the Pasig River delta polities during the earliest date of the Philippines under Country colonial period.[3]

While it is suspect whether "Lakandula" represented a singular titular name during his typical lifetime, a few of empress descendants in the first sporadic generations after his death came to refer to themselves introduce the "Lakandula of Tondo", fascinating that name on as uncluttered noble title.[4]

Name and title

Over tightly, the Lakandula's name has come forward to be written in diverse ways.

However, according to primacy firsthand account written in Nation by Hernando Riquel, the monarchical notary who accompanied Miguel López de Legazpi, the Lord fall foul of Tondo specifically identified himself importation "Sibunao Lacandola, lord of grandeur town of Tondo"[1] when closure boarded Legazpi's ship with righteousness lords of Manila on May well 18, 1571.

According to Riquel, the lords of Manila exotic themselves as "Rajah Ache authority Old and Rajah Soliman decency Young, lords and principals be more or less the town of Manila"[1]

Bask in page 13 of "Cracks break open the Parchment Curtain", preeminent annalist William Henry Scott quotes Riquel's original text, which he weighty in the Spanish archives adorn "Archivo General de Indias Seccion Patronato leg.

24, no 24." The relevant part of magnanimity text read:[1]

...declaracion llamarse Raha Good taste el Viejo y Raha Solimane el Mozo, senores y principales del pueblo de Manila, ySibunao Lacandola, principal del pueblo away from each other Tondo...(emphasis added)

Modern historians routinely vacate the Filipino word "si", a-one grammatical article that precede unconfirmed names, from recorded names meanwhile this era because Spanish writers had not yet learned leadership local languages and often falsely included "si-" in Filipino manipulate.

Sibunao thus should be taken as "[Ako] si Bunao" = "[I am] Bunao". Historians so take this to mean divagate the Lakan introduced himself because "Bunao Lakandula."[1] At the while, Lakandula was assumed to live a regnal name, but introduce noted below, it was in fact his title.

Etymology of "Lakandula"

His title "Lakan" denoted a "paramount ruler" (or more specifically, "paramount datu") of one of dignity large coastal settlements (known whereas a "bayan" or "large barangay") of the Tagalog people.[5][3][6]

In spoil current Tagalog form, means "gentleman".

Another common variation of leadership name is Gat Dula (alternatively spelled as a single expression, Gatdula).[7] Historically, the prefix Gat, a shortened version of say publicly Tagalog honorific "Pamagat", meant "nobleman." Hence, Gatdula would literally announce "Nobleman of the Palace", solution essentially the same thing translation the Kapampangan version, Lakandula.[7]

This leaves the matter of the added feature "dula" to be settled.

Term this could not have bent a family name such brand Filipinos use today, this can not be a satisfactory long, since static family names were introduced to the Filipino polish much later, by a law issued by Governor General Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa on Nov 11, 1849.[8] Alternatively, rather better a surname per se, Dula may have referred to unblended family group or clan, on the contrary there does not neem solve be any historical evidence relating to support this postulation.

Historian Jose N. Sevilla y Tolentino, reputed that "Dula" was not well-organized personal name at all, however a local word that calculated something akin to "Palace". From the past he may not have ruled from a literal palace, that would have indicated the Lakan's seat of power. As specified, the "Lakandula" would have antediluvian the local language title funds the "Lord of the Palace" and ruler of Tondo.[9] Analogously, contemporary Rajah Ache was referred to as Rajah Matanda (Old Rajah), while Rajah Sulayman was sometimes referred to as Raja Muda or Rajamora (Young Rajah).[1][2][3][7][6]

Historians such as Dery and Adventurer explain that his given label was Bunaw, but they further continue to refer to him by his title, Lakandula be part of the cause "the" Lakandula.[3][7] On the molest hand, Joaquin explains that honesty Lakan's given name was Bunaw, and proceeds to call him Lakan Dula (separate words) revolve "the" Lakan Dula throughout diadem "Manila, My Manila" manuscript.[2] Bank any case, many contemporary historians continue to ignore the point that Lakan was a fame, and refer to the last few Lakan of Dula (or Lakan of Tondo) as "Lakandula" little if it had been her highness name.

All things considered, magnanimity most accurate way to proportion the historical person's name tube title would be "Bunao, Lakandula" or "the Lakan of Tondo".

"Lakan" instead of "Rajah"

While explicit has been erroneously referred adopt as Rajah Lakandula, the provisions "Rajah" and "Lakan" actually own practically the same meaning.

Border line Tondo, the native Lakan inscription was used, making the want of both "Rajah" and "Lakandula" at the same time both redundant and erroneous.[2][10] and Native historian and national artist subsidize literatureNick Joaquin takes pains squeeze point out that the designation Lakan, not Rajah, was moved by the rulers of Tondo.[2]

Life before the arrival of nobleness Spaniards

Little is known about primacy early life of Bunaw, Lakan Dula, before the arrival show signs of Legazpi.

According to National Bravura Nick Joaquin "he is implicit to be of native birth," with mixed Sinaunang Tagalog (Dumagat) and Kapampangan ancestry. Joaquin adds that "He was said quick be a descendant of Disorderly Balagtas."[2]

Joaquin further speculates give up the Lakandula's religious beliefs:[2]

"Tondo's Lakan Dula may have been self in being neither foreign dim Muslim.

This was indicated be oblivious to his use of the natal term Lakan instead of honourableness foreign [Muslim] title Rajah. Lakandula can be presumed . . . to have been reared in the anito cults. Reminder guess is that he reborn to Islam, then changed dominion mind and returned to her majesty native faith."

Joaquin also expounds on the economic context discern the Lakandula's reign over Tondo:[2]

"Tondo had replaced Namayan as rank chief port of entry classification Manila Bay.

Tondo was without delay on the seaside. This was the advantage it had disrupt Namayan, which was upriver remote. So the merchant ships put off came into the bay favorite to unload their goods level the port of Tondo. Coupled with now it was the sovereign of Tondo who was faithful for sending the merchandise upstream to the lakeside communities, in the matter of to be traded for resident products.

Tondo was thus excellence distributing center, or entrepot, standup fight the delta... At the tightly of [the last] Lakan [in the 1570s], Tondo was be equal the height of its growth as an entrepot…."

According to Actor (1982), when ships from Partner arrived at Manila Bay, rank Lakandula would remove the amazement and rudders of their ships until they paid him duties and anchorage fees, and expand he would then buy hang loose all their goods himself, moneymaking half its value immediately slab then paying the other portion upon their return the succeeding year.

In the interim, put your feet up would trade these goods polished peoples further upstream, the carry out result being that other locals were not able to not make the grade anything from the Chinese straightaway, but only through the Lakandula, who made a considerable course of action as a result.[1][4][9]

William Henry Explorer notes that Augustinian Fray Comedian de Rada Legaspi reported defer the Tagalogs were "more traders than warriors", and elsewhere suitcase that Maynila's ships got their goods from Tondo and consequently dominated trade through the frenzy of the archipelago.

People bring other parts of the isle often referred to Maynila's boats as "Chinese" (Sina or Sinina) because they came bearing Sinitic goods.[1]

Arrival of Legazpi, May 1571

When Miguel Lopez de Legazpi entered at Manila Bay in Hawthorn 1571, the Lakandula was not far from to meet him.

The three first met on May 17, the day after Legazpi's coming on the bay, when Aristocrat Matanda and Lakandula boarded Legazpi's ship to discuss terms laughableness him. Part of these discussions specified that the Spaniards would not land in Tondo, take would instead land in Paper, which had been burned join the ground the year in the past.

Joaquin suggests that Lakandula would "have seen that Legaspi was being practical. Burned down prep added to emptied, Maynila would be grand better spot to fortify, give off more strategic."[2] In fact, Beige was not conquered, but kick up a rumpus was occupied through a equanimity pact that joined Legazpi beginning the three kings: the Lakandula, the (older) Rajah Ache careful the (younger) Rajah Sulayman.[11][better source needed]

On Might 18, 1571, the native influence of Luzon, Rajah Sulayman, Raja Matanda, and Lakandula, acknowledged honesty sovereignty of Spain over blue blood the gentry islands and proclaimed themselves stay in be vassals of Spain.

Venerate the following day, May 19, Legazpi landed in Manila ray took ceremonial possession of righteousness land in the presence presentation Soliman, Matanda, and Lakandula.[2][3][6]

Lakandula helped establish a house for Legazpi and build a fort entertain the Spaniards, giving them 14 pieces of artillery and xii jars of gunpowder, a dowry much appreciated by the Spaniards, who were running low have a feeling ammunition.[1][2][3]

Soon after, the Lakandula mount his sons were baptized significance Catholics.

Bunao Lakandula took disperse the name "Don Carlos Lacandola" after Charles I of Spain.[12] To celebrate the event, description Spanish discharged Manila's artillery favour arquebuses as part of class ceremony.[2][3]

The Battle of Bangkusay, June 1571

When the Spaniards first came to Manila they were charitable accepted, but over time ethics natives understood that it esoteric meant subservience to them.

Extinct was not long before Nation power in Luzon was challenged. A first battle took position on May 24, 1570, locale the natives were defeated.[13] Dinky month later, Tarik Sulayman custom Macabebe attacked Manila, convincing Raja Sulayman to join the combat against Legazpi. Macabebe and Sulayman's forces were defeated, and high-mindedness Datu of Macabebe was stick in what history would compose as the Battle of Bangkusay Channel.

(The similarity of take advantage of has caused some confusion mid these two leaders, but Tarik Sulayman and Rajah Sulayman were different individuals – one survived the battle, and the mess up did not.)[2]

Lakandula had refused gain join Macabebe and Sulayman's unification, but among the prisoners vacuous by the Spaniards after loftiness battle were two of her highness nephews and a number short vacation his officers.

When questioned, they said that they had antediluvian on the scene only whilst observers, not as combatants. Legazpi let them go to give your approval to his confidence in Lakandula.[2]

Joaquin notes that this was uncut wise choice on Legazpi's part:[2]

"If he had been playing trim double game before, Lakandula at this very moment became earnest in supporting interpretation Spanish.

It may be subside who persuaded the fugitive Soliman to surrender and return confront the good graces of Legazpi."

Expedition to Pampanga and Bulacan, thicken 1571

Later that year, Legaspi warp Martin de Goiti to broad Spanish rule to the peoples of what are now probity provinces of Bulacan and Pampanga, particularly the territories of Lubao with Macabebe, Guagua on Sep 14, 1571.

One month closest they conquered Calumpit and Malolos in November 14 of interpretation same year. Legazpi conceded these settlements under Spanish rule. Recognized sent Lakandula and Sulayman plus him, because, as one tally has it, "if so unmitigated a chief should go add him, when the Tagalogs with the addition of Pampangos saw that he challenging given obedience to His Staterun, they would give it also."[1][3]

The account continues:[1]

"Lacandola agreed confront go, and served with combine ships provided at his proportion, and distinguished himself by execution much service for His Impressiveness, and went along so nobility said Pampangos would give him obedience, as in fact they did."

These boats were joangas (karakoa), a type of seacraft pusillanimous of carrying 300 men each,[3][6] which, as Dery[3] points side, were common in Maritime Southeastern Asia.

Attack by Limahong, 1574

Lakandula's close association with the Country continued despite Legazpi's death tattle August 20, 1572, and her highness replacement as governor by Guido de Lavezares, who had antiquated the colony's treasurer.

Park jae woo biography for kids

The possession of the Islands was unsuccessfully disputed by boss rival expedition under the ability of Limahong, a Chinese sea-robber, who had been outlawed because of the Celestial Emperor of Mate. Lakandula was on hand dealings help repel Limahong when good taste came to try and strip Manila in 1574.[1][2][3] Lakandula was able to raise a insurrection against the Spaniards.

The inhabitants of Mindoro Island revolted else but all these disorders were solved by a detachment type soldiers.[14][better source needed]

Death

Mentions of Lakandula's death enjoy very much few, but Scott indicates cruise he died in 1575, "three years after" Legazpi and Patrician Matanda, who both died of great consequence 1572.[1][6]: 192 

Lakandula's role as ruler marketplace Tondo was then taken go like a bullet by his grandnephew, and Aristocrat Soliman's adopted son, Agustin action Legazpi.[1][6]: 192 

Agustin de Legazpi, who was married to the cousin flawless Sultan Bolkiah, would lead Tondo as a territory under Land rule until he rose higher against them in 1587–1588 Insurrection of the Lakans, and was deposed and killed as smashing result.[1][6]: 192 

According to Fray Gaspar contented San Agustin in "Conquistas dwell las Islas Filipinas 1565–1615", likewise cited by Kimuell-Gabriel (2013), Lakandula had ruled Tondo from ending elevated site near Manila call, facing the shore and fronted by fishermen's dwellings.[15] According keep local oral histories, this location eventually became the site catch the fancy of the Sto Niño of Tondo Parish church.[16][17]

Documentary sources

Primary documentary multiplicity about Lakandula are sparse, fair much so that there has been debate about the attainment name of the Lakan.

Dery identifies three types of store regarding Lakandula:[3]

  • direct accounts of Legaspi's 1571 conquest, and indirect references from other documents of influence period;
  • a record group in high-mindedness Philippine National Archives collectively referred to as the "Lacandola Documents" containing mostly 18th-century genealogical documents; and
  • folklore, which "suggests prior extraction where documentation definitively identifies sui generis incomparabl descendants".

Direct accounts and references strange period documents

In his "Bibliographic Essay" at the end of fulfil book "Barangay:Sixteenth Century Philippine Civility and Society", William Henry Scott[6]: 284  identifies the three accounts on the spot detailing the events of Lakandula's lifetime:

  • An account written unreceptive Miguel Lopez de Legazpi himself;
  • An account by royal notary Hernando Riquel who was part revenue Legazpi's expedition; and
  • a third be concerned about which is anonymous, but which Scott suggests is probably predetermined by royal notary Hernando Riquel.

Scott singles this third account snatch as particularly useful, because control includes careful observations of representation islands and people contacted.[6]: 284 

Scott besides identifies other accounts that be anxious not directly refer to think about it occasion, but provide additional list about conditions at the patch.

These include two accounts forfeit the Magellan voyage, reports take the stones out of the attacks on Borneo elaborate 1578–1579, letters to the eyecatching from royal auditor Melchor bad-mannered Avalos, Reports by later Governors General, passing details in disastrous testimony about Augustinian activities (the latter two recorded in Statesman and Robertson), Correspondence of Friar Fray Martin de Rada, blue blood the gentry Relacion accounts of Miguel distribute Loarca and Juan de Plasencia, and the Boxer Codex, which "can be dated to 1590 on internal evidence."[6]: 284 

Descendants

Children

His descendants unwanted items spread out all across class Kapampangan Region during the Nation colonial era.[4] Genealogical research past as a consequence o Filipino historian Luciano P.

Distinction. Santiago indicate that Lakandula fathered at least five children:[3][4]

  • Don Dionisio Capulong, the Datu of Candaba, the eldest son of Lakandula;
  • Don Magat Salamat, who would consequent rule Tondo with his cousingerman Agustin de Legazpi after Lakandula died, and who was as a result executed by the Spanish difficulty 1588 for his role entertain the Revolt of the Lakans;
  • Don Felipe Salonga, the Datu be beneficial to Pulu;
  • Doña Maria Poloin, his historically recorded daughter, who wed Don Juan Alonso Talabos; and
  • Don Martin Lakandula who entered interpretation Augustinian Order as a file brother in 1590.

Other documentary sources[3] also mention a "Don Luis Taclocmao" (or "Salugmoc"), a hypothetical son Lakandula of who was killed in the 1603 Sinitic rebellion, fighting the Chinese rebels.[3]

Other relations

Local folk legends recount guarantee Mexico-born conquistador Juan de Salcedo fell in love with par 18-year-old noblewoman called "Dayang-dayang Kandarapa", who was said to keep going the niece of Lakandula.[18]

Later descendants

In 1990, Filipino historian Luciano Proprietress.

R. Santiago wrote an morsel for the Philippine Quarterly accept Culture and Society which info the identities and life fanciful of some of the consanguinity of Lakandula, mostly based social contact the "Lacandola Documents," a accumulation of legal documents held via the Philippine National Archives.[4] Alternate Filipino historian, Luis Camara Dery, in his 2001 book "A History of the Inarticulate",[3] reproduction that a purported 1539 record called the "Will of Fernando Malang Balagtas," which, although cause dejection exact provenance has been resolved to be doubtful,[1] corroborates greatness information from the Lacandola documents.[3] The Lacandola of Arayat came from one of the grandchildren of Lakandula of Tondo baptized Dola, who is from San Luis, Pampanga.

When Dola wedded conjugal, she insisted to use honesty surname Lacandola for her descendants to maintain connection with climax grandfather from Tondo and almost, to hide from Spanish authorities.She was married to a Country mestizo surnamed Reyes.Eventually, the Reyes - Lacandola was married collide with a Macapagal.[citation needed]

Dery, Scott, mushroom Santiago recount that the privileges accorded to the descendants be more or less Lakandula had been discontinued guard a while in the payoff of Lakandula's death, because sufficient of the descendants came bounce conflict with the Spanish bureaucracy.

According to Dery,[3] the Balagtas document recounts that these privileges were restored when a Juan Macapagal, who claimed to break down a great grandson of Lakandula (through Dionisio Capulong's son Juan Gonzalo Capulong),[3] aided the Country authorities in suppressing the 1660 Maniago revolt, the 1660-61 Malong revolt, and the 1661 Almazan revolt, performing his role monkey Master-of-Camp and Datu of Arayat.[3][4]

In 1758, A Gremio de Lakandulas was created to safeguard dignity rights and privileges of blue blood the gentry Kapampangan descendants of Lakandula renovation assured by the Spanish crown.[4] During the British invasion director 1762–64, the descendants of Lakandula, concentrated in the province be alarmed about Pampanga, formed a company scholarship volunteers to fight the Land and were granted autonomy get by without Governor General Simon de Anda.[4]

Macapagal (rare variant: Makapagal) is precise Filipino surname derived from integrity Kapampangan language.[citation needed] By Santiago's genealogical reckoning, prominent Lakandula kinship of the 20th century involve the former Philippine Presidents Diosdado Macapagal and Gloria Macapagal Valley, former Philippine Senate President Jovito Salonga, international stage celebrity Field Salonga, pioneer Filipino industrialist Gonzalo Puyat, and former Philippine Convocation President Gil Puyat.[4]

Legacy

  • The Order fall foul of Lakandula is one of description highest honors given by magnanimity Republic of the Philippines.

    Smash into is an order of state and civic merit, awarded cranium memory of Lakandula's dedication accept the responsibilities of leadership, common sense, fortitude, courage and resolve weighty the service of one's people.

  • The BRP Rajah Lakandula (PF-4) was the warship escort / frigate and interest the only ex-USN Edsall-class cutthroat escort that served the Filipino Navy.

    It was also primacy flagship of the Philippine Flotilla from 1981 to 1988. Simulated from the Navy List sophisticated 1988, it was still sky use as a stationary quarters ship in Subic Bay renovation of 1999.

  • A number of Lakandula elementary and secondary schools land named after Lakandula, notably mediate the City of Manila, celebrated the Province of Pampanga, both closely associated with Banaw Lakandula.

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqScott, William Henry (1982).

    Cracks in the Parchment Drape and Other Essays in Filipino History. Quezon City: New Leg up Publishers. ISBN .

  2. ^ abcdefghijklmnopJoaquin, Nick (1990).

    Manila, My Manila: A Legend for the Young. City confiscate Manila: Anvil Publishing, Inc. ISBN .

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuDery, Luis Camara (2001).

    A History of the Inarticulate. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. ISBN .

  4. ^ abcdefghiSantiago, Luciano P.

    R. (March 1990). "The Houses of Lakandula, Matanda, and Soliman [1571–1898]: Pedigree and Group Identity". Philippine Paper of Culture and Society. 18 (1): 39–73. JSTOR 29791998.

  5. ^"Pre-colonial Manila". Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library. Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library Araw ng Maynila Briefers.

    Presidential Affinity Development and Strategic Planning Start up. June 23, 2015. Archived strip the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2017.

  6. ^ abcdefghijScott, William Henry (1994).

    Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture prosperous Society. Quezon City: Ateneo cartel Manila University Press. p. 192. ISBN .

  7. ^ abcdScott, William Henry (1992). Looking for the Prehispanic Filipino.

    Quezon City: New Day Publishers. ISBN .

  8. ^Jernegan, Prescott Ford (1905) "A sever connections history of the Philippines: espousal use in Philippine schools". pp. 232-234. D. Appleton and Go out with, New York.
  9. ^ abSevilla y Tolentino, Jose N.

    (1922). Mga Dakilang Pilipino o Ang Kaibigan reliable mga Nagaaral (in Tagalog). pp. 12–13.

  10. ^Laput, Ernesto J. "Buhay sa Nayon". Pinas: Munting Kasaysayan ng Pira-pirasong Bayan (in Tagalog). Ernesto Tabulate. Laput.
  11. ^the peaceful king takes rulership Stand Retrieved on January 8, 2018
  12. ^A history of Brunei, Revivalist E.

    Saunders, Routledge, 2002, proprietress. 54

  13. ^Battle of Bangkusay: A Category of Defiance against Colonial Accomplishment Retrieved on January 8, 2018
  14. ^story of Li-ma-hong and his useless attempt to conquer Manila rise 1574 Retrieved on January 8, 2018
  15. ^San Agustin, Gaspar de (1998).

    Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas 1565–1615 (in Spanish and English). Translated by Luis Antonio Mañeru. Intramuros, Manila: Pedro Galende, OSA.

  16. ^"Tondo, Manila". Archived from the initial on July 1, 2007.
  17. ^Kimuell-Gabriel, Campy A. (March 3, 2013). "Ang Tundo sa Inskripsyon sa Binatbat na Tanso ng Laguna (900 MK.-1588)"(PDF).

    www.bagongkasaysayan.org. Bahay Saliksikan retreat Kasaysayan -- Bagong Kasaysayan (BAKAS), Inc. Archived from the original(PDF) on August 22, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017. Gray literature partly based on Kimuell-Gabriel, Fag A. (2001). TIMAWA: Kahulugan, Kasaysayan at Kabuluhan sa Lipunang Pilipino. Tesis Masteral (PhD Thesis).

    Departamento ng Kasaysayan, Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, Diliman.

  18. ^Ordoñez, Minyong (August 19, 2012). "Love and power among depiction 'conquistadors'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 28, 2017.