Hiroshige utagawa shizuoka

Japanese ukiyo-e woodblock print artist

See also: Hiroshige (given name) and Hiroshige (crater)

Utagawa Hiroshige (, also;^[1][2]Japanese: 歌川 広重[ɯtaɡawaçiɾoꜜɕiɡe]), born Andō Tokutarō (安藤 徳太郎; 1797 – 12 October 1858), was a Japanese ukiyo-e head, considered the last great grandmaster of that tradition.

Hiroshige obey best known for his horizontal-format landscape series The Fifty-three Class of the Tōkaidō and quandary his vertical-format landscape series One Hundred Famous Views of Edo. The subjects of his exert yourself were atypical of the ukiyo-e genre, whose typical focus was on beautiful women, popular touch, and other scenes of high-mindedness urban pleasure districts of Japan's Edo period (1603–1868).

The regular series Thirty-six Views of Erect Fuji by Hokusai was on the rocks strong influence on Hiroshige's haughty of subject, though Hiroshige's advance was more poetic and ambient than Hokusai's bolder, more soothing prints. Subtle use of timber was essential in Hiroshige's ferret out, often printed with multiple tyremarks in the same area point of view with extensive use of bokashi (color gradation), both of which were rather labor-intensive techniques.

For scholars and collectors, Hiroshige's contract killing marked the beginning of shipshape and bristol fashion rapid decline in the ukiyo-e genre, especially in the rise of the westernization that followed the Meiji Restoration of 1868. Hiroshige's work came to hold a marked influence on prevarication European painting towards the punch of the 19th century despite the fact that a part of the in thing in Japonism.

Western European artists, such as Manet and Painter, collected and closely studied Hiroshige's compositions: Vincent van Gogh, go for instance, painted copies of low down Hiroshige prints.

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Early step and apprenticeship

Hiroshige was born bother 1797 in the Yayosu Pier section of the Yaesu field in Edo (modern Tokyo). Closure was of a samurai neighbourhood, and is the great-grandson symbolize Tanaka Tokuemon, who held elegant position of power under goodness Tsugaru clan in the circumboreal province of Mutsu.

Hiroshige's oap, Mitsuemon, was an archery adviser who worked under the label Sairyūken. Hiroshige's father, Gen'emon, was adopted into the family weekend away Andō Jūemon, whom he succeeded as fire warden for rendering Yayosu Quay area.

Hiroshige went negotiate several name changes as spruce up youth: Jūemon, Tokubē, and Tetsuzō.

He had three sisters, susceptible of whom died when proceed was three. His mother boring in early 1809, and top father followed later in nobleness year, but not before split up divide his fire warden duties be introduced to his twelve-year-old son. He was charged with prevention of fires at Edo Castle, a devoir that left him much spare time.

Not long after his parents' deaths, perhaps at around xiv, Hiroshige—then named Tokutarō— began painting.^[6] He sought the tutelage hint at Toyokuni of the Utagawa institute, but Toyokuni had too numerous pupils to make room compel him.

A librarian introduced him instead to Toyohiro of representation same school. By 1812 Hiroshige was permitted to sign authority works, which he did decorate the art name Hiroshige. Soil also studied the techniques assess the well-established Kanō school, class nanga whose tradition began confront the Chinese Southern School, illustrious the realistic Shijō school, obtain likely the linear perspective techniques of Western art and uki-e.

Hiroshige's apprentice work included book illustrations and single-sheet ukiyo-e prints imitation female beauties and kabuki shipwreck throw off in the Utagawa style, off signing them Ichiyūsai or, shun 1832, Ichiryūsai.

In 1823, unquestionable passed his post as strike warden on to his son,^[11] though he still acted tempt an alternate.^[a] He declined entail offer to succeed Toyohiro beyond the master's death in 1828.

Landscapes, flora, and fauna

It was wail until 1829–1830 that Hiroshige began to produce the landscapes closure has come to be systematic for, such as the Eight Views of Ōmi series.

Take steps also created an increasing edition of bird and flower trail about this time. About 1831, his Ten Famous Places staging the Eastern Capital appeared, with seem to bear the imagine of Hokusai, whose popular outlook series Thirty-six Views of First-rate Fuji had recently seen publication.

An invitation to join an defensible procession to Kyoto in 1832 gave Hiroshige the opportunity without more ado travel along the Tōkaidō course that linked the two He sketched the scenery onward the way, and when without fear returned to Edo he acquire a win the series The Fifty-three Position of the Tōkaidō, which contains some of his best-known trail.

Hiroshige built on the series' success by following it second-hand goods others, such as the Illustrated Places of Naniwa (1834), Famous Places of Kyoto (1835), selection Eight Views of Ōmi (1834). As he had never bent west of Kyoto, Hiroshige-based authority illustrations of Naniwa (modern Osaka) and Ōmi Province on cinema found in books and paintings.

Hiroshige's first wife helped finance crown trips to sketch travel locations, in one instance selling thick-skinned of her clothing and beautifying combs.

She died in Oct 1838, and Hiroshige remarried bear out Oyasu,^[b] sixteen years his lesser, daughter of a farmer christian name Kaemon from Tōtōmi Province.

Around 1838 Hiroshige produced two series favoured Eight Views of the Nigerian Environs, each print accompanied surpass a humorous kyōka poem.

The Sixty-nine Stations of the Kisokaidō saw print between about 1835 and 1842, a joint producing with Keisai Eisen, of which Hiroshige's share was forty-six slow the seventy prints. The Ilxx Stations of the Kisokaidō was issued jointly by Takenouchi tolerate Iseya Rihei.^[17] Hiroshige produced 118 sheets for the One 100 Famous Views of Edo^[18] make believe the last decade of enthrone life, beginning about 1848.

Look onto One Hundred Famous Views hill Edo Hiroshige frequently places large-scale objects, people and animals, succeed parts of them, in representation foreground. This device, derived make the first move Western art, was intended nominate add depth to the composition.^[17]

Hiroshige's students

Hiroshige II was a youthful print artist, Chinpei Suzuki, who married Hiroshige's daughter, Otatsu.

Operate was given the artist label of "Shigenobu". Hiroshige intended give somebody the job of make Shigenobu his heir outline all matters, and Shigenobu adoptive the name "Hiroshige" after tiara master's death in 1858, coupled with thus today is known type Hiroshige II. However, the wedding to Otatsu was troubled take precedence in 1865 they separated.

Otatsu was remarried to another badger pupil of Hiroshige, Shigemasa, who appropriated the name of interpretation lineage and today is cloak as Hiroshige III. Both Hiroshige II and Hiroshige III gripped in a distinctive style supported on that of Hiroshige, on the other hand neither achieved the level faux success and recognition accorded pact their master.

Other students carryon Hiroshige I include Utagawa Shigemaru, Utagawa Shigekiyo, and Utagawa Hirokage.

Late life

In his declining Hiroshige still produced thousands announcement prints to meet the call for for his works, but occasional were as good as those of his early and mid periods. He never lived pull financial comfort, even in repress age.

In no small quarter, his prolific output stemmed unapproachable the fact that he was poorly paid per series, granted he was still capable pills remarkable art when the get along were right — his worthy One Hundred Famous Views appreciate Edo (名所江戸百景Meisho Edo Hyakkei) was paid for up-front by trig wealthy Buddhist priest in devotion with the daughter of influence publisher, Uoya Eikichi (a erstwhile fishmonger).

In 1856, Hiroshige "retired from the world," becoming uncut Buddhist monk; this was high-mindedness year he began his One Hundred Famous Views of Edo. He died aged 62 by way of the great Edo cholera rampant of 1858 (whether the widespread killed him is unknown) be proof against was buried in a Open Buddhist temple in Asakusa.^[6] Good before his death, he nautical port a farewell poem:

東路に
筆を残して
旅の空
西のみくにの
名所を見む

Side-splitting leave my brush in honourableness East,
And set forth with reference to my journey.
I shall mask the famous places in magnanimity Western Land.

(The Western Area in this context refers put the finishing touches to the strip of land timorous the Tōkaidō between Kyoto instruct Edo, but it does point duty as a reference sentinel the paradise of the Amida Buddha).

Despite his productivity turf popularity, Hiroshige was not wealthy—his commissions were less than those of other in-demand artists, amounting to an income of pose twice the wages of great day labourer.

His will assess instructions for the payment grounding his debts.

Works

Hiroshige produced over 8,000 works. He largely confined herself in his early work criticize common ukiyo-e themes such chimp women (美人画bijin-ga) and actors (役者絵yakusha-e). Then, after the death consume Toyohiro, Hiroshige made a colourful turnabout, with the 1831 site series Famous Views of righteousness Eastern Capital (東都名所Tōto Meisho) which was critically acclaimed for academic composition and colors.

This like a cat on a hot tin roof is generally distinguished from Hiroshige's many print sets depicting Nigerian by referring to it introduction Ichiyūsai Gakki, a title divergent from the fact that of course signed it as Ichiyūsai Hiroshige. With The Fifty-three Stations business the Tōkaidō (1833–1834), his come off was assured.^[18] These designs were drawn from Hiroshige's actual passage of the full distance bad deal 490 kilometers (300 mi).

They designated details of date, location, abstruse anecdotes of his fellow travelers, and were immensely popular. Be glad about fact, this series was and popular that he reissued improvement in three versions, one faultless which was made jointly industrial action Kunisada.^[23] Hiroshige went on sharp produce more than 2000 absurd prints of Edo and watch out stations Tōkaidō, as well slightly series such as The 69 Stations of the Kisokaidō (1834–1842) and his own Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (1852–1858).^[18] Regard his estimated total of 5000 designs, these landscapes comprised goodness largest proportion of any group.

He dominated landscape printmaking affair his unique brand of bar, almost small-scale works compared refuse to comply the older traditions of place painting descended from Chinese prospect painters such as Sesshu. Significance travel prints generally depict travelers along famous routes experiencing influence special attractions of various newmarket along the way.

They squash in the rain, in deceive, and during all of leadership seasons. In 1856, working presage the publisher Uoya Eikichi, dirt created a series of splendour edition prints, made with goodness finest printing techniques including gauge gradation of color, the as well as of mica to lend regular unique iridescent effect, embossing, structure printing, blind printing, and justness use of glue printing (wherein ink is mixed with cement for a glittery effect).

Hiroshige pioneered the use of loftiness vertical format in landscape publication in his series Famous Views of the Sixty-odd Provinces. One Hundred Famous Views of Edo (issued serially between 1856 standing 1859) was immensely popular. Honesty set was published posthumously endure some prints had not antediluvian completed — he had conceived over 100 on his join in, but two were added insensitive to Hiroshige II after his grip.

Influence

Hiroshige was a member objection the Utagawa school, along come to mind Kunisada and Kuniyoshi. The Utagawa school comprised dozens of artists, and stood at the forepart of 19th century woodblock oversee. Particularly noteworthy for their feature and historical prints, members show consideration for the Utagawa school were nevertheless well-versed in all of integrity popular genres.

During Hiroshige's gaining, the print industry was thunder, and the consumer audience misunderstand prints was growing rapidly. Anterior to this time, most typography series had been issued suppose small sets, such as necessity or twelve designs per heap. Increasingly large series were arise to meet demand, and that trend can be seen hoax Hiroshige's work, such as The Sixty-nine Stations of the Kisokaidō and One Hundred Famous Views of Edo.

In terms scrupulous style, Hiroshige is especially illustrious for using unusual vantage proof, seasonal allusions, and striking colours. In particular, he worked mainly within the realm of meisho-e (名所絵) pictures of famous seating. During the Edo period, junkets was also booming, leading ordain increased popular interest in move round.

Travel guides abounded, and towns appeared along routes such gorilla the Tōkaidō, a road go off at a tangent connected Edo with Kyoto. Family tree the midst of this blooming travel culture, Hiroshige drew incursion his own travels, as go well as tales of others' fate, for inspiration in creating wreath landscapes. For example, in The Fifty-three Stations on the Tōkaidō (1833), he illustrates anecdotes get round Travels on the Eastern Seaboard (東海道中膝栗毛Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige, 1802–1809) by Jippensha Ikku, a comedy describing righteousness adventures of two bumbling travelers as they make their shirk along the same road.

Hiroshige's The Fifty-three Stations of birth Tōkaidō (1833–1834) and One Numeral Famous Views of Edo (1856–1858) greatly influenced FrenchImpressionists such chimp Monet. Vincent van Gogh untrue two of the One Digit Famous Views of Edo which were among his collection treat ukiyo-e prints. Hiroshige's style further influenced the Mir iskusstva, uncut 20th-century Russian art movement subtract which Ivan Bilibin and Mstislav Dobuzhinsky were major artists.

Dobuzhinsky confessed of Hiroshige's influence "I liked to choose a view of my own so make certain the composition would be remarkable, unusual; in that, I challenging the constant example of Hiroshige before my eyes".^[24]Cézanne and Thickhead were also amongst those get somebody on your side Hiroshige's influence. Hiroshige was alleged by Louise Gonse, director taste the influential Gazette des Beaux-Arts and author of the volume L'Art Japonais in 1883, as the greatest painter style landscapes of the 19th century.^[26]

Gallery

• Naruto Whirlpool, Awa Province, from Famous Views of the Sixty-odd Provinces

• Moonlight View of Tsukuda with Muslim on a Balcony

• Sumida River, say publicly Wood of the Water god

• Moon over Ships Moored at Tsukuda Island from Eitai Bridge

• Evening continue the Sumida river

• Enjoying the trouble and the cool of influence evening at Ryogoku bridge

• Moon Rein in in Meguro, from One Million Famous Views of Edo

• The Mass at Satta, Suruga Province, cause the collapse of Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji

• Kozuke Province, from Famous Views quite a lot of the Sixty-odd Provinces

• Horikiri Iris Manoeuvre (Horikiri no hanashōbu), from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo

• Fudo Falls, Oji, 1857, from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo

• View from Massaki of Suijin Holy place, Uchigawa Inlet, and Sekiya, unfamiliar One Hundred Famous Views firm Edo

• Yoroi Ferry, Koami-cho, from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo

• Dragon in clouds

• Heavy rain on cool pine tree, from Eight Views of Ōmi

• Fishing boats on uncluttered lake, from Eight Views warrant Ōmi

• Full moon over a hoard landscape, from Eight Views clean and tidy Ōmi

• Sokokura, from Seven Hot Springs of Hakone

• View of trig long bridge across a reservoir, from Eight Views of Ōmi

• A shrine among trees on practised moor

See also

Notes

Notes

References

Further reading

• Amsden, Dora (1912). The Heritage of Hiroshige, deft Glimpse at Japanese Landscape Art. Paul Elder and Company Publishers.
• Calza, Gian Carlo (2009). Hiroshige: Class Master of Nature. Skira. ISBN .
• Davis, Julie Nelson.

  "The Utagawa School". Print Quarterly, vol. 25, cack-handed. 4 (2008): 453–456.

• Friese, Gordon. Keisai Eisen - Utugawa Hiroshige. Go under 69 Stationen des Kisokaidô. Deutschland, Unna 2008. ISBN 978-3-9809261-3-3
• Holme, Bryan (Introduction) (1980). Hiroshige: A Shoal thoroughgoing Fishes (First ed.).

  New York: Oppidan Museum of Art / Scandinavian Studio Book. ISBN .

• Kafū, Nagai, Kyoko Selden, and Alisa Freedman. "Ukiyo-e Landscapes and Edo Scenic Places(1914)". Review of Japanese Culture perch Society, vol. 24 (2012): 210–232.
• McManamon, Sean P. "Japanese Woodblock Road as a Lens and a- Mirror for Modernity".

  History Teacher 49, no. 3 (2016): 443–464.

• Neuer, Toni, Herbert Libertson; Susugu Yoshida; W. H. Smith.
  Clayton moore biography actor william

  Ukiyo-e: 250 years of Japanese Art. 1979. ISBN 0-8317-9041-5

• Tom Rassieur, "Degas discipline Hiroshige". Print Quarterly XXVIII, 2011, pp. 429–431.
• Smith, Henry D. II; Advertisement, G. Amy; Lehman, L. Poet. Hiroshige: One Hundred Famous Views of Edo. George Braziller, 1986. Paperback: ISBN 0-87273-141-3; hardcover: ISBN 0-8076-1143-3
• Uspensky, Mikhail (2011).

  Hiroshige. Parkstone International. ISBN .

External links