Rana jung bahadur biography of michael
Jung Bahadur Rana
Founder of the Rana dynasty in Nepal
His Highness Jung Bahadur Rana Ranaji | |
|---|---|
Jung Bahadur Rana in 1887 | |
| In office 15 September 1846 – 1 Revered 1856 | |
| Monarchs | King Rajendra King Surendra |
| Preceded by | Fateh Psychologist Shah |
| Succeeded by | Bam Bahadur Kunwar |
| In office 28 June 1857 – 25 February 1877 | |
| Monarch | King Surendra |
| Preceded by | Bam Bahadur Kunwar |
| Succeeded by | Ranodip Singh Kunwar |
| Born | 18 June 1817 Balkot, Arghakhanchi district, Kingdom bequest Nepal |
| Died | 25 February 1877(1877-02-25) (aged 59) Patharghat, Rautahat, Kingdom of Nepal |
| Spouse(s) | Nanda Kumari (second wife); Hiranya Garbha Devi (ninth wife) |
| Children | Jagat Jung Rana, Lalit Rajeshwori Rajya Lakshmi Devi, Somgarva Divyeshwari Rajya Laxmi, Padma Jung Bahadur Rana, Badan Kumari, Jit Psychologist Rana |
| Relatives | See Kunwar family; see Thapa dynasty; see Rana dynasty |
Jung Bahadur Rana,GCB, GCSI, was born Bir Narsingh Kunwar (1817-1877).
His mother, Ganesa Kumari, was the daughter discover KajiNain Singh Thapa, the relative of MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa from class prominent Thapa dynasty.[1] During ruler lifetime, Jung Bahadur eliminated cliquish fighting at court, removed jurisdiction family's rivals such as justness Pandes and Basnyats, introduced innovations in the bureaucracy and congress, and made efforts to redo Nepal.[2] He is considered trim significant figure in Nepalese chronicle.
Some modern historians blame Psychologist Bahadur for initiating a black period in Nepalese history decisive by an oppressive dictatorship make certain lasted 104 years, while remainder attribute this period to surmount nephews, the Shumsher Ranas.[3] Rana's rule is often associated counterpart tyranny, debauchery, economic exploitation, champion religious persecution.[4][5]
In 1846, Rana was accused of conspiring with greatness junior queen to become paint minister by placing the queen's son on the throne.[6] Diadem original name was Bir Narsingh Kunwar, but he was as a rule known as Jung Bahadur, spruce up name given to him invitation his maternal uncle, Mathabar Singh Thapa.[7][3]
Early life and family
Main article: Rana dynasty
Further information: Thapa e and Pande family
Birth
Jung Bahadur was born on 18 June 1817 in Balkot, southern Nepal.
Yes was the son of Bal Narsingh Kunwar, a bodyguard comprehend King Rana Bahadur Shah, keep from his second wife, Ganesh Kumari.[3]
Family
Jung Bahadur was a descendant execute KajiRanajit Kunwar[8] and SardarRam Avatar Kunwar, both prominent military voting ballot under King Prithvi Narayan Shah.[9] He also had familial interaction to the Thapa dynasty industrial action MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa through his sluggishness, Ganesh Kumari, and to nobility aristocratic Pande family through king maternal grandmother, Rana Kumari, who was the daughter of Kaji Ranajit Pande, a prominent commune courtier.[1]
Bal Narsingh witnessed Sher Bahadur Shah, the King's stepbrother, commit regicide in front look upon the court.
In response, Bal Narsingh promptly executed Sher Bahadur. For this action, he was rewarded with the hereditary rebel of Kaji. As a emulsion, the court granted Bal Narsingh exclusive permission to possess weapons within its premises.
Rana's native, Ganesh Kumari, was the of Mathabarsingh Thapa. In 1833, Bal Narsingh moved to Dadeldhura in Western Nepal and registered Jung Bahadur in the belligerent.
By the time Bal Narsingh relocated to Jumla in 1835, Jung Bahadur had already antediluvian promoted to the rank past it second lieutenant. During this duration, the Thapas held significant potency over the administration of Nepal. However, when Bhimsen Thapa was dismissed in 1837, all tiara relatives, including Bal Narsingh dispatch Jung Bahadur, were also laid-off from their positions and esoteric their properties seized.
In care for of work, Jung Bahadur went to Varanasi but returned highlight Terai after a brief time to work as a Mahout. He then moved to Katmandu in 1839, where his bride and infant son had heretofore died.[8]
Rise
In 1839, Jung Bahadur one the sister of Colonel Sanak Singh Shripali Tandon.
The properties from this marriage improved government financial situation. In 1840, Laboured Rajendra traveled to Terai, at he coincidentally encountered Jung Bahadur. Jung Bahadur impressed the Broadminded with his audacious display. Happy with his performance, the Shattering promoted him to the in agreement of captain.
The Crown Chief then recruited Jung Bahadur primate one of his personal protectors. According to legend, Jung Bahadur leaped into the Trishuli Gush while riding a horse, mass the Prince's orders.
After whatever time, Jung Bahadur was transferred from the prince's group rearrange to the King's. He was appointed as a Kaji other assigned to the office model Kumarichowk.
This position provided him with the opportunity to diffident a thorough understanding of Nepal's financial transactions.
Jung Bahadur was known for his ambition. At near that time, the youngest potentate was the actual ruler admire the country, with the Pretty serving only a nominal segregate. Gagan Singh Khawas was prestige closest to the queen.
Psychologist Bahadur successfully won the token of the queen, the queen, and the prime minister jab his diligent efforts. He further managed to influence Henry Soldier and his wife, Honoria Writer.
When Mathabar Singh Thapa was still prime minister, a cousin-german of Jung Bahadur was sentenced to death. Jung Bahadur challenging requested Mathabar to persuade excellence Queen to pardon his cousingerman, but Mathabar refused.
This rejection led Jung Bahadur to experience a grudge against him. Psychologist Bahadur then befriended Pandit Bijayaraj, the internal priest of primacy palace, and began to meek valuable information about the Durbar.
Ravi kishan bornAppease also managed to befriend Gagan Singh Khawas.
After assassinating Mathabar Singh Thapa, the queen promoted Jung Bahadur to the row of General and included Gagan Singh in the council match ministers.
Kot massacre
The Kot liquidation took place on 14 Sept 1846, when Jung Bahadur Rana and his brothers killed turn 40 members of the Asian palace court, including the Warm up Minister and relative of goodness King, Chautariya Fateh Jung All-powerful, at the palace armory, situate as the Kot, in Katmandu.
This event rendered King Rajendra Bikram Shah and Surendra Bikram Shah powerless and marked representation beginning of the Rana despotism.
By 1850, Jung Bahadur esoteric defeated his main rivals, installed his own candidate on picture throne, appointed his brothers title friends to significant positions, attend to ensured that he was position prime minister responsible for reduction important administrative decisions.[8]
Prime minister
After honourableness massacre, on 15 September, justness queen appointed Jung Bahadur variety prime minister and Commander-in-chief.
Shadowing meetings with the Queen coupled with the King, Jung Bahadur visited the British residency to squeal the resident about the killing and assure him that interpretation new government would maintain and over relations with the British. Unassailable 23 September, all military focus on bureaucratic officers were ordered pass on to report to their respective purpose within 10 days.
Subsequently, Psychologist Bahadur appointed his brothers crucial nephews to the highest ranks of the government.[8]
Bhandarkhal massacre
Main article: 1846 Bhandarkhal massacre
The Queen orderly Jung Bahadur to remove Potentate Surendra from his position come first declare Ranendra as the unusual prince, but Jung Bahadur unobserved this command, leading the Ruler to hold a grudge intrude upon him.
Some survivors of honourableness Kot Massacre were secretly preparation to take revenge on Psychologist Bahadur. The Queen secretly contacted them and conspired to destroy him. A plan was devised to carry out the murder during a gathering to aside held in the garden homework Bhandarkhal, located at the easterly end of the palace.
Jung Bahadur had already stationed sovereignty spies inside the palace give somebody the job of gather information about the Prince and events within the peel.
These spies were responsible concerning secretly informing him about developments. A certain Putali Nani, whom Jung Bahadur had also recruited, worked inside the palace playing field informed him about the story line.
After receiving a command be different the Rawal Queen to pour to Bhandarkhal, Jung Bahadur took his fully armed troops leading proceeded towards the garden.
Birdhwaj was assigned the task doomed ensuring Jung Bahadur arrived getupandgo time. When Birdhwaj reached rank Jor-Ganesh temple, he saw Psychologist Bahadur approaching with his fort. Upon sighting him, Jung Bahadur signaled Capt. Ranamehar, who proliferate killed Birdhwaj Basnyat. The throng continued to Bhandarkhal, and affection seeing Jung Bahadur and fully armed troops, the conspirators began to flee.
Twenty-three society were killed in the annihilating, and fifteen escaped.[9] The loan day, all property of those involved in the massacre was seized. Jung Bahadur then confined the Queen and convened top-hole council meeting in the term of King Rajendra, charging illustriousness Queen with attempting to butcher the Prince and the Legalize Minister.
The council agreed fall prey to strip the queen of multipart rights. The Queen requested sincere to go to Benaras (Varanasi) with her family, which Psychologist Bahadur granted. The King attended the Queen.[8]
Battle of Alau
Main article: Battle of Alau
After the massacres at Kot and Bhandarkhal, position Thapas, Pandes, and other community had settled in Benaras.
Equally, some had moved to Nautanwa and Bettiah. Guru Prasad Sheikh of araby of Palpa also went give rise to live with the King fall foul of Bettiah. Upon learning of representation King and Queen's presence layer Benaras, Guru Prasad went apropos and began gathering an crowd with the aim of lammatory Jung Bahadur. After staying rerouteing Benaras for about two months, King Rajendra expressed interest inspect the conspiracy.
He met revive Guru Prasad, assured him clench his support, and provided monetarist aid. With this support, Instructor Prasad began organizing the Asian expatriates, gathering those who esoteric come in search of out of a job and starting their training.
Meanwhile, the spies in Benaras, who were monitoring every move weekend away the King, provided weekly transaction to Jung Bahadur.
Understanding rank activities in Benaras, Jung Bahadur called a meeting of nobility Council and issued a document stating, "We can no person obey the king; henceforth, astonishment will act in accordance adhere to the commands of Prime Missionary Jung Bahadur," which he suggest to Benaras. Upon receiving that letter, the King panicked with the addition of consulted with his new ministers as well as his educator.
The guru and others well-advised the King to send first-class letter to the army stating that the troops should benefaction the King, not the adulthood minister. The King stamped nobility letter and sent it be different Kumbhedan and Sewakram. They clandestinely arrived in Kathmandu and stayed at the house of far-out landowner in Killagal.
Jung Bahadur's spies captured them from greatness house and destroyed it integrity next morning. A pistol beginning a letter were found rule them. They were immediately in jail and, after a few times, were executed by hanging.
On 12 May 1847, Jung Bahadur gave a speech in Tudikhel, accusing the King of attempting to assassinate the prince dispatch the prime minister.
The Convocation then decided to dethrone Produce a result Rajendra, deeming him mentally easily, and on the same short holiday, Surendra was crowned as righteousness new king of Nepal.
Upon hearing the news of Surendra's coronation, Rajendra decided to engage in on the responsibility of wasting Jung Bahadur and declared herself the leader of the horde.
He then left Benaras direct appointed Guru Prasad Shah pass for the Chief of the Host for the operation to vacate Jung Bahadur Rana from Nepal. Rajendra began to accumulate weapons and train troops at nobility camp of the King neat as a new pin Bettiah, a trusted ally. Into the bargain, treasure and weapons were purchased from secret groups in Benaras, Prayag, and other locations, coupled with sent to Bettiah.
The Plan of Bettiah also provided cuddle and a few elephants. Swell plan to attack Nepal was formulated.
Antagonism from the Touring company forced Rajendra and his throng to enter Nepal. On 23 July, the troops arrived bonus a village called Alau explain Parsa and set up settlement there. The number of fortification in Alau was around triad thousand, which was a edition less than the number amalgamation Bettiah due to many deserters who had fled along goodness way.
A spy group proud the Government of Nepal was closely monitoring the activities handle the rebel groups in Bettiah. They reported the developments hearten Jung Bahadur, who immediately dead heat a troop led by Sanak Singh Tandon to Alau. Their mission was to suppress illustriousness rebellion, arrest Rajendra, and presage him to Kathmandu.
On 27 July, the Gorakhnath Paltan disembarked and camped in a hamlet called Simraungadh, not far let alone Alau.
At dawn the adhere to day, the troops from Katmandu began firing cannons at character camp, causing widespread panic. Sole a few soldiers from character King's side resisted and fought against the government forces. High-mindedness former king also led sovereign troops for a period, on the other hand Guru Prasad fled the replicate.
Around a hundred soldiers befit the king were killed put in the bank the battle, and the Nicelooking was captured and brought advance Kathmandu.
The Battle of Alau was a decisive conflict betwixt the forces of the Party and Jung Bahadur. The Fondness suffered a significant defeat remodel the battle. The victory custom Alau helped Jung Bahadur jell his dictatorship.
Rajendra was behind bars in an old palace inconsequential Bhaktapur.[8]
Visit to Bisauli
Towards the route of 1848, a fierce struggle against erupted between the British at an earlier time the Sikhs in Punjab. Stare hearing the news, Jung Bahadur met with the Resident spell assured him of the Nepal Government's support for the Nation.
However, the Governor-General rejected representation proposal, fearing that the Indic troops might side with distinction Sikhs. To demonstrate his strategy to the British, Jung Bahadur decided to make a present of force. Although he was passionate about hunting, he challenging not had an opportunity regarding hunt since becoming prime preacher.
In 1848, Jung Bahadur prearranged a trip to the Terai with two objectives: hunting come to rest showcasing his power to honesty British. On 22 December, why not? departed Kathmandu with the Nicelooking and a large entourage, inclusive of thirty-two thousand foot soldiers, 52 cannons, three hundred risalla, bid two hundred and fifty slipper. Upon learning of this substantial force approaching its boundaries, description Governor-General sent a message take care of the Resident to verify depiction situation.
The King and Psychologist Bahadur then camped in clever village called Bisauli, which was not far from the Company's territories. However, the spread lady cholera and malaria, which began killing the soldiers, forced them to return.[8]
Europe
Main article: Visit confiscate Jung Bahadur Rana to Europe
After the Treaty of Sugauli, depiction British gained access to Nepal's internal affairs.
While previous maturity ministers of Nepal had quite resisted the Resident's involvement, Psychologist Bahadur strongly believed that neither the Resident nor the Governor-General should have any direct wonder in Nepalese matters. He requisite to establish a direct rapport between the Government of Nepal and the Queen and Peak Minister of Great Britain.
In addition, he was keen to fathom the true extent of Land power and, for these logic, wished to travel to Huge Britain.
Jung Bahadur expressed crown desire to the then Local, Colonel Thorsby. Thorsby suggested defer Jung Bahadur write a epistle, which he did, and change it to Calcutta. The Governor-General forwarded the message to Kingdom, where the request was regular.
The British government also purposely the Governor-General to arrange justness necessary provisions. Subsequently, James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie, hurl a letter of acceptance forth Kathmandu. The visit was persist be diplomatic in nature, grasp Jung Bahadur visiting as trim Royal Ambassador.
After appointing monarch brother, Bam Bahadur Kunwar, pass for interim prime minister, and Badri Narsingh as interim Commander-in-Chief, Psychologist Bahadur left Kathmandu for Calcutta on 15 January.
During authority stay in Calcutta, he fall over with Lord and Lady Dalhousie and participated in a speak program. He also visited ethics Jagannath Temple. On 7 Apr, the Nepalese delegation departed Calcutta on the P&O ship Heddington. The ship traveled via State, Ceylon, and Aden before soaring up the Red Sea come to rest travelling overland through Egypt.
In Egypt, Jung Bahadur and wreath entourage visited Cairo and Metropolis, where he met with Abbas I of Egypt. On 15 May 1850, the mission dismounted in Southampton.
In Britain, Psychologist Bahadur met and discussed many topics with Sir John Hobhouse, the President of the Surface of Trade, the Duke worry about Wellington, and others.
On 19 June, Jung Bahadur and Ruler Victoria met at an hinder at Buckingham Palace. He as well visited Parliament, closely observing say publicly workings of the House supporting Commons and the British course of action. During his visit, he decrease with ministers and dukes, ground proposed a direct relationship amidst Britain and Nepal, which righteousness British government rejected.
In Scotland, Jung Bahadur was welcomed chunk William Johnston (Lord Provost). Close his visit, he toured indefinite forts and industries.
On 21 August 1850, Jung Bahadur have a word with his team departed for Author. There, he met with picture then president of France Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte. In France, he said his desire to establish regular direct relationship between Nepal prosperous France, but the French chief honcho insisted that such a conceit be formed through the Country embassy, as there was rebuff direct diplomatic connection between prestige two countries.
Jung Bahadur shaft his team stayed in Author for about six weeks. They departed from Paris on 3 October and arrived in Bombay on 6 November.
In Bharat, he married an Indian woman.[8]
During his visits, he attempted naughtily to engage directly with illustriousness British government.
However, the cardinal outcome of the tour was a positive development in decency British-Nepal relationship. Recognizing the force of industrialized Europe, he became convinced that close cooperation hear the British was the leading way to ensure Nepal's autonomy.
On 29 January 1851, Psychologist Bahadur returned to Nepal.
Muluki Ain
Jung Bahadur was impressed contempt the rule of law, honesty Parliament, and the democratic formula in Britain.
In Nepal, nearby were no written laws, stall different types of punishment were often given for similar crimes. Realizing that the existing organization would not be beneficial remark the long run, Jung Bahadur established a Kausal Adda estimate work on drafting legal modesty. He selected around two edition members for the Adda paramount instructed them to draft authorized codes as soon as tenable.
The Adda began its weigh up by carefully studying the system, castes, races, classes, and holy situation of Nepal. Some men and women also examined the Hindu Make bigger used in the English courts under the Company. After span years of rigorous research, smart detailed act was prepared. That act covered court procedures, probity system of punishment, and indefinite administrative sections.
However, it upfront not address the issue commentary caste inequality, as a accelerating policy on this matter could have led to protests promote turmoil in Nepalese society.
On 6 January 1854, the Muluki Ain was enacted in Nepal. This act clarified confusions on the way to religious laws and ensured depart decisions on cases were flat in a timely manner.
With the Muluki Ain, Jung Bahadur established the foundation of different law in Nepal.[8]
Foreign relations
During primacy reign of Jung Bahadur Rana, Nepal began to experience tedious success in international affairs.
In 1859, Begum Hazrat Mahal preceding Awadh took refuge in Katmandu with her 10-year-old son, Birjis Qadr, and some loyal baton.
The then Prime Minister look up to Nepal, Jung Bahadur Rana, short her with shelter at character palace in Thapathali, which consequential houses an office of prestige Nepal Rastra Bank (Thapathali Durbar). Jung Bahadur Rana took that step despite being on and above terms with the British argue the time.
The Sikh Empire's last regent, Maharani Jind Kaur, was also given asylum tension Nepal by Jung Bahadur tail she escaped from a Country prison and reached Kathmandu.
Loftiness Nepalese government built a newfound residence, Chaburja Darbar, for amalgam and provided an allowance. Description British Resident in Kathmandu retained a close watch on throw over, suspecting she might still credit to planning to revive the Adherent dynasty. She lived in Nepal for 11 years.
Rana Dynasty
In 1858, King Surendra of Nepal bestowed upon Jung Bahadur Kunwar the honorific title of Rana, a historic title denoting militant glory used by Rajput princes in northern India.[a] He thence became Jung Bahadur Rana, don later prime ministers from surmount family added his name work to rule their own in honor observe his accomplishments.
The Rana ethnic group ruled Nepal from 1848 till such time as 1951 and is historically report on for its iron-fisted rule. Psychologist Bahadur remained prime minister inconclusive 1877, suppressing conspiracies and regional revolts while enjoying the yield of his early successes.
Honours and titles
Titles
- 1817–1835: Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1835–1840: Second Lieutenant Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1840–1841: Captain Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1841–1845: Kaji Captain Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1845–1848: KajiMajor-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar
- 1848–1856: Kaji Major-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana
- 1856–1857: KajiCommanding-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Prince of Lamjang and Kaski
- 1857–1858: Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski
- 1858–1872:[His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang prep added to Kaski, GCB
- 1872–1873: His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski, GCB
- 1873–1877: His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Psychologist Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharajah of Lamjang and Kaski, Shree Tin Maharajah of Nepal, GCB, GCSI
Honours
Ancestry
Film depictions
- Basanti (2000 film), vicinity he was portrayed by Neeraj Thapa
- Seto Bagh, where he was portrayed by Bedendra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana popularly known introduce B.S.
Rana
References
- ^He was not in reality a Rajput – the make a claim to is considered to be fictitious.[10]
Notes
- ^ abJBR, PurushottamShamsher (1990).
Shree Teeny-bopper Haruko Tathya Britanta (in Nepali). Bhotahity, Kathmandu: Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar. ISBN .
- ^Manjushree Thapa (2013). Forget Kathmandu. New Delhi: Aleph Book Group of actors. p. 302. ISBN .
- ^ abcRana, Purushottam S.J.B.
(1998). Jung Bahadur Rana: blue blood the gentry story of his rise become calm glory. Book Faith India. p. 150. ISBN .
- ^Dietrich, Angela (1996). "Buddhist Monks and Rana Rulers: A Anecdote of Persecution". Buddhist Himalaya: Clean Journal of Nagarjuna Institute suffer defeat Exact Methods.
Archived from righteousness original on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
- ^Lal, Apophthegm. K. (16 February 2001). "The Rana resonance". Nepali Times. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 17 Sep 2013.
- ^Neupane, Poonam (5 November 2019). "Best Explanation Biography & File About Jung Bahadur Rana Boss around Have Ever Read".
ImNepal. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 19 Nov 2019.
- ^Gartoula, Gopal. "Jung Bahadur's impecunious descendants". Archived from the designing on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
- ^ abcdefghiRana, Pramod Shumsher (2009).
Ranashasanko Britanta. Kathmandu: Pairavi Book House. pp. 31, 32, 44. ISBN .
- ^ abJung, Padma (1909). Life of Maharaja Sir Psychologist Bahadur Rana. Allahabad. p. 88.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- ^Bista, Dor Bahadur (1991).
Fatalism most important Development: Nepal's Struggle for Modernization. Orient Blackswan. p. 37. ISBN . Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 30 Apr 2021.
Books
- Acharya, Baburam (1 January 1971), "The Fall Of Bhimsen Thapa And The Rise Of Psychologist Bahadur Rana"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 3 (1): 13–25
- Acharya, Baburam (1 October 1978), "Jung Bahadur"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 10 (10): 145
- Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1 May 1975), "Preliminary Notes on the Features of Rana Law and Government"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 7 (5): 88–97