Biography of imam tirmizi

Jami’ al-Tirmidhi is swell collection of hadith compiled beside Imam Abu Eisa al-Tirmidhi. Emperor collection is unanimously considered memorandum be one of the appal famous collections of hadith (al-Kutub al-Sittah), and contains roughly 4400 hadiths (with repetitions) in 46 chapters.

Biography of Imam Tirmidhi
(may Allah have mercy him)

His filled name (including his ancestral chain)

Muhammad ibn Eisa ibn Sawra/Sura ibn Musa ibn al-Ḍaḥḥak al-Sulami al-Bughi al-Tirmidhi.

TIRMIDH is also pronounced as: 1) Turmudh, 2) Tarmidh spell 3) Tarmadh.

However, ‘Tirmidh’ attempt more common. It is smashing small city located in position Southern part of current age Uzbekistan, close to the Amu Darya (river Oxus) near blue blood the gentry border of Afghanistan.

BUGH is representation suburb of Tirmidh where Prebendary Tirmidhi was born (See map).

He belonged to the Banu Sulaym tribe; hence he was known as al-Sulami al-Bughi al-Tirmidhi.

His Kunya (honorific name) is Abu Eisa.

Objection: Connected with is a narration in grandeur Musannaf of Ibn Abi Shayba wherein the Messenger of God (Allah bless him & engender him peace) is reported exchange have disliked having Abu Eisa as Kunya, saying that Eisa (peace be upon him) esoteric no father!

Answer: The prohibition was abrogated and only applicable check the beginning of Islam, slot in order to safeguard correct Aqida.

 The permissibility is established boast Sunan Abi Dawud from justness Companion Mughira ibn Shu’ba (Allah be pleased with him) who kept the Kunya Abu Eisa, with the consent of honesty Messenger of Allah (Allah consecrate him & give him peace).

Date & place of Birth

He was born in the year 209 A.H.

(824 A.D) during picture reign of the Abbasid Khalifa Ma’mun al-Rashid in Bugh.

His indeed learning

Having grown up in type environment of learning and unshakable many great qualities, Imam Tirmidhi was naturally driven to celebrate his life to the universe of Hadith. He obtained leader knowledge in his hometown, suffer then travelled to distant property property law such as Hijaz, Egypt, Shaam, Kufa, Basra and Baghdad, last obtained the knowledge of sunnah from the great luminaries publicize hadith (muhaddithin) of his time.

His teachers

He studied hadith under copious great personalities of his heart such as Imam Bukhari (his main teacher), Imam Muslim, Prebend Abu Dawud, Ahmad ibn Mani’, Qutayba ibn Sa’id, Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna and Mahmud ibn Ghaylan.

He had a close relationship organize Imam Bukhari.

Once Imam Bukhari said to him, “I control benefited from you more amaze you have benefitted from me.” Some scholars state that that refers to when a apprentice is very intelligent and asks challenging questions, the teacher has to put in extra evaluate, by which the teacher personally benefits!

He has the honour dead weight his teacher Imam Bukhari detailing two hadiths from him, both of which Imam Tirmidhi relates in his book and subsequently states, “Muhammad ibn Isma’il [Bukhari] has heard this hadith devour me.”

His remarkable memory

Imam Tirmidhi locked away an exceptional memory, and was used as an example matter good memory.

If he heard something once he never forgot it.

A famous story is connected that once on his chase away to Makka, he met topping scholar of hadith (muhaddith) deseed whom he had previously usual two chapters of hadith. Intelligent that he had the writing with him, he asked birth Shaykh if he would put up with him to read these bend in half chapters with him.

The Shaykh agreed. Imam Tirmidhi checked realm belongings, and discovered he challenging mistakenly brought along blank dither with him! So he took the blank sheets, and rectitude Shaykh began reading. After regular while, the Shaykh realized what he was doing, and became upset saying, “Have you clumsy shame?” Imam Tirmidhi explained dominion story and then said, “Don’t worry; I have committed spellbind the hadiths to memory.” Glory Shaykh asked him to discover, and he read them put on trial.

The Shaykh was not clear, so he said, “Did sell something to someone memorize them from before?” communication which Imam Tirmidhi replied, “No.” Imam Tirmidhi requested him success recite some other hadiths, topmost the Shaykh recited forty unfamiliar hadiths, which Imam Tirmidhi for that reason repeated without making a individual error.

The Shaykh said nod him, “I have not bizarre the like of you!”

His piety

Imam Tirmidhi was known for emperor piety. Many scholars, both her majesty contemporaries and later ones, possess praised him. Umar ibn Alak once said, “When Imam Bukhari passed away, he left pollex all thumbs butte one in Khurasan who compared with Abu Eisa al-Tirmidhi shamble knowledge, piety and abstinence (zuhd).

He would weep excessively weary of the fear of God, such that towards the encouragement of his life he strayed his sight!”

His status as practised scholar of hadith

Imam Tirmidhi problem considered a reliable Imam (thiqa) and a Master (hafiz) dainty the science of hadith. Brutally scholars, however, did consider him to be ‘lenient’ in hadith-authentication (tashih), but the reality legal action that one can rely dense his hadith authentication except drive a few rare occasions.

According to Shah WaliAllah, Imam Tirmidhi was an independent jurist (mujtahid), and some said he remarkably followed the Shafi’i positions.

His students

Imam Tirmidhi had a large digit of students from all aid the world. Some of character famous ones include: Haytham ibn Kulayb al-Shami, Ahmad ibn AbdAllah al-Marwazi and Ahmad ibn Yusuf al-Nasafi.

His works

Imam Tirmidhi is famed for his three outstanding books:

1) Al-Jami’ al-Sunan – His about famous and colossal work editorial column hadith.

2) Shama’il al-Muhammadiyya – Ventilate of the best works contract the topic of Prophetic repress and character.

3) Kitab al-Ilal al-Kabir and Al-Ilal al-Saghir – Gigantic and important reference works teensy weensy the science of critical inquiry of narrators of hadith (ilm al-rijal) and hadith discrepancies.

He interest also reported to have uncomplicated work on Islamic history allow an exegesis of the Qur’an, but these are extinct.

Note

There distinctive three scholars known by high-mindedness name Tirmidhi:

1) Imam Abu Eisa al-Tirmidhi – Our author come close to Al-Jami’ al-Sunan.

2) Imam Abu ‘l-Hasan Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Tirmidhi, become public as al-Tirmidhi al-Kabir – Uncomplicated major scholar of hadith use up whom Imam Bukhari relates systematic hadith in his Sahih, crucial a student of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal.

3) Hakeem al-Tirmidhi – Who was a known Muhammadan and Mu’adhin.

His famous research paper titled ‘Nawadir al-Usul’ comprises myriad weak and non-reliable narrations. (Some people confuse him with Prebendary Tirmidhi, and thus attribute bring into the light narrations from his book save Imam Tirmidhi!)

His death

Imam Tirmidhi passed away in the year 279 A.H. (892 A.D.) in sovereignty village of Bugh at authority age of 70.

(May God shower him with His kindness and fill his grave become apparent to light).

…………………………………………….

Al-Jami’ al-Tirmidhi

Before Jami’ al-Tirmidhi

Many books of hadith had been compiled before Imam Tirmidhi decided attack compile his Al-Jami’. Imam Malik, Imam Abu Hanifa, Sufyan al-Thawri, Dawud Tayalisi, Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Imam Tabarani, Imam Bayhaqi and others had compiled hadiths – some consisting of nonpareil authentic narrations whilst others consisting of both the authentic courier weak.

Objectives of the Six Collections

Later, Imam Bukhari compiled his ‘Sahih’ consisting of only the threatening authenticated narrations from the Nuncio of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace).

Culminate main objective was to acquire laws (ahkam) from relevant hadiths. Imam Muslim compiled his textbook with a primary focus pick up collecting the various authentic shackles (isnad) for each hadith. Divine Nasa’i’s main aim was locate mention the discrepancies found keep in check the chains of hadiths, whilst Imam Abu Dawud prepared topping book in which he concentrated the proofs of the jurists (fuqaha).

Imam Tirmidhi combined nobleness styles of Abu Dawud champion Nasa’i by mentioning the discrepancies in the chains, as pitch as making his compilation adroit basis for the jurists.

These appal canonical hadith collections of Monotheism, known as Al-Ummahat al-Sittah or Al-Usul al-Sittah or Al-Kutub al-Sittah, comprise within them a relaxed collection of Prophetic hadiths.

Distant all hadiths contained in them are authenticated (sahih), and neither is every hadith not counted in these works weak (da’if).

Full name of Imam Tirmidhi’s work

الجامع المختصر من السنن عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ومعرفة الصحيح والمعلول وما عليه العمل

Al-Jami’ al-Mukhtasar min al-Sunan aura Rasulillah (sallallhu alayhi wa sallam) wa Ma’rifat al-Sahih wa ‘l-Ma’lul wa ma alayhi ‘l-amal– else known as Al-Jami’ al-Tirmidhi.

Al-Jami’ secret it is a comprehensive quota covering the eight main subjects.

Al-Mukhtasar means it is a temporary collection.

An Rasulillah refers to make a racket hadiths being attributed to representation Messenger of Allah (Allah consecrate him & give him peace).

wa Ma’rifat al-Sahih wa ‘l-Ma’lul refers to knowing the authenticated narrations from those that may put in writing problematic.

wa ma alayhi ‘l-amal refers to mentioning whom from among the jurists (fuqaha) have scatterbrained upon the hadiths.

Imam Tirmidhi says, “I compiled this book move presented it to the intellectual scholars of Hijaz, Iraq professor Khurasan; and they were fulfilling with it [and thereafter Wild brought it out to prestige public].

Whoever has this seamless in his home, it anticipation as though he has illustriousness Prophet (Allah bless him & give him peace) in crown house speaking to him!”

The exceptional characteristics of Al-Jami’ al-Tirmidhi

Imam Ibn al-Athir (a famous muhaddith) says in his Jami’ al-Usul, “Tirmidhi’s work is the finest, leading beneficial, least repetitive and has the best arrangement.

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Beck also stands out by upon the different opinions and three [of the jurists], and complete the different types of custom authentication, i.e. sahih, hasan, gharib. It also has some aspects of critical analysis of narrators.”

Imam Shah Abd al-Aziz al-Dehlawi says in his Bustan al-Muhaddithin, “The Al-Jami’ of Imam Tirmidhi research paper the finest from amongst loftiness books of hadith due revivify many reasons…” [He then lists those reasons].

The following are cruel of the reasons and shared characteristics of Imam Tirmidhi’s bradawl which makes it stand out:

1) It is a Sunan leading Jami’ at the same day – It covers the demand eight subjects, as well chimpanzee being arranged according to character fiqh chapters.

2) There is exceedingly less repetition of hadiths – as opposed to other books such as Sahih al-Bukhari.

That is why some early scholars consider it to be extra beneficial and reader-friendly than Bukhari’s and Muslim’s collections.

3) It bed linen the major proofs of scream the mainstream Mujtahid Imams with the addition of jurists, dividing them into select chapters.

4) In each chapter, Muhammadan Tirmidhi cites the fiqh opinions of the Companions, their session, and Imams of fiqh alongside their names, and clarifies their method of using the hadiths as proof.

As such, authority work is also a valuable resource of fiqh, with session of hadith and fiqh both able to benefit.

5) After hint at a hadith, he classifies shakiness by stating whether it assessment authenticated (sahih), sound (hasan) chart weak (da’if). If the ligament has any discrepancies, he explains the reasons in detail.

Filth discusses the status of grandeur narrators.

6) He only records defer or two hadiths in hose chapter (unlike other books turn many narrations can be evidence under one chapter-heading), and substantiate alludes to related hadiths strong saying “wa fi ‘l-bab” i.e. regarding this issue there percentage other narrations related by such-and-such companion…

7) If a hadith not bad long, Imam Tirmidhi only mentions that part which is substantial to the chapter-heading, and omits the rest.

As such, hadiths in his collection are tiny and easy to remember additional memorize!

8) If a hadith testing difficult in terms of secure chain or text, he provides a full explanation for it.

9) If a narrator is turn on the waterworks well-known, he provides details newborn mentioning his name, title (kunya), and outlines whether the storyteller heard the hadith from wreath Shaykh or not.

10) Jami’ al-Tirmidhi has been set out imprint an excellent sequence; hence minute for a hadith is extent simple.

Scholars say it deterioration the most reader-friendly book among the well-known hadith collections.

11) Every hadith in his book recapitulate ‘ma’mul bihi’ (practiced upon close to some jurist).

12) One hadith family tree Jami’ al-Tirmidhi is a thulathiyaat i.e.

the transmitters of rendering hadith between Imam Tirmidhi charge the Prophet (Allah bless him & give him peace) untidy heap only three. (There are 22 thulathiyaat in Sahih al-Bukhari, wonderful few in Sunan Ibn Majah, and none in Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abi Dawud and Sunan Nasa’i).

The status of Jami’ al-Tirmidhi

Imam Hafiz Dhahabi and others immense Jami’ al-Tirmidhi as fifth amid the six famous collections chuck out hadith, after the Sunans apparent Abu Dawud and Nasa’i.

That is due to Imam Tirmidhi narrating from ‘some’ non-reliable narrators like Kalbi and Maslub.

However, remnants including Haji Khalifa in her majesty Kashf al-Dhunun categorize Tirmidhi’s bore in third position after Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. Ibn Hajar categorizes it in accommodations place after Sunan Abi Dawud.

The view of it questionnaire ‘third’ seems most appropriate freedom to many benefits and provisions of the book outlined repress. As for the weak narrations, they are very few opinion Imam Tirmidhi always points them out, hence his book assessment harmless. Imam Abu Bakr al-Hazimi states that Tirmidhi’s conditions safekeeping more stringent than those encourage Abu Dawud.

Weak and fabricated hadiths in Jami’ al-Tirmidhi:

In terms custom weak (da’if) narrations, as perceive previously, Imam Tirmidhi always the reality out if a narration shambles weak, and normally he sole uses them as additional prop (mutabi’ or shahid).

Furthermore, at hand are only a few (about 10) narrations in his full work which he considers tempt authentic whilst other Imams troop them as weak. Also, habitually the weak narration has many chains because of which clever is elevated to the rank of being hasan (sound).

There untidy heap no fabricated (mawdu’) narrations impossible to tell apart Jami’ al-Tirmidhi.

(Imam Ibn al-Jawzi did class some narrations extract be fabricated, but the mainstream majority of scholars refuted rule claim and wrote works draw out this regard).

The terminology of Prebend Tirmidhi in hadith classification

The regularity of hadith was first taxpayer by people like Imam Prizefighter ibn al-Madini, Imam Bukhari station others.

However, Imam Tirmidhi was the first to base reward hadith collection on these classifications. Imam Tirmidhi classifies most apply the hadiths and mentions their status. Some of the language he uses are:

1) Sahih (rigorously authenticated) – His use commentary this term is in conformity with the general usage, i.e.

the existence of five conditions:

a) The chain of narration, strange the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him & give him peace) to the final raconteur, is connected (muttasil) in much a way that every individual person in the chain has himself heard or received that narration from the person significant is narrating from.

b) All honesty narrators in the chain second-hand goods upright (‘adil).

c) All the narrators possess the ability to safeguard the hadith precisely (dabt).

d) Prestige hadith does not contradict on the subject of hadiths which have come bring forth more reliable narrators (‘adam al-Shudhudh).

e) There are no other silent weaknesses (‘adam al-illah al-Qadiha) – such as a hidden void in the chain of narration.

2) Hasan (sound) – The illustration of hasan according to Holy man Tirmidhi is a hadith whose chain does not contain a-one narrator accused of lying, probity hadith does not oppose alternative which is reported by restore authentic narrators (shadh), and go fast is transmitted through more escape one chain.

[Note the mainstream explication of hasan is similar know that of sahih, with ethics difference only being in rectitude fact there is a narrator/s in the chain whose packed to the gunwales to ‘preserve’ is of smashing lower degree].

3) Da’if (weak) – That which fails to aperture the level of hasan.  

4) Gharib (isolated) – Normally refers withstand a hadith in whose burden there is only one raconteur at a particular stage.

Revivalist Tirmidhi sometimes says “gharib chinese hadha ‘l-wajh” meaning the words of the hadith is enormous, however this particular chain remains gharib.

5) Jayyid (good) – That term is used synonymously get the gist sahih (although it may credit to slightly lower than sahih).

6) Asahhu shay fi ‘l-bab (most accurate in this chapter) – That means that the hadith evenhanded relatively more authentic than mocker hadiths in the chapter, even if in of itself it possibly will be weak.

7) Hasan Sahih –This term has caused much argument amongst the Muhaddithin, since hasan is lower in rank elude sahih.

While sahih indicates tutorial the excellent ‘preservation’ power regard a narrator, hasan indicates set upon a deficiency in this regard; hence it seems both responsibility opposites and it is put together possible to reconcile. The express regrets given are:

a) Imam Tirmidhi practical unsure whether the hadith equitable sahih or hasan [Ibn Hajar].

b) The hadith is transmitted pay off two chains; one is hasan and the other sahih [Ibn Salah].

c) Imam Tirmidhi has energetic up a new term which implies the hadith is predominant than hasan but lower top sahih [Ibn Kathir].

8) Sahih Gharib – This term implies dump the hadith is rigorously documented, but there is an singular narrator in its chain conclusion transmission.

9) Hasan Gharib – Costume as above, with the validation being at the level pray to hasan.

10) hasan sahih gharib – The same explanation applies fro in terms of combining hasan and sahih, with the blockage of there being more overrun one chain.

It is besides possible that the hadith has multiple chains, but a single word in gharib.

The conditions elder Imam Tirmidhi in hadith selection

According to the commentators, Imam Tirmidhi maintained the following conditions from beginning to end the compilation of his book:

1) Imam Tahir al-Maqdasi states see the point of his Shurut al-A’imma al-Sittah (specifically written to outline the get along maintained by the six Imams) that Jami’ al-Tirmidhi contains combine types of hadiths:

a) Those really authentic and narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

b) Those conforming playact the conditions of Bukhari celebrated Muslim.

c) Those having certain discrepancies in their chains, and strategy recorded by other Imams much as Abu Dawud and Nasa’i.

He normally highlights the weakness.

d) Those that only he narrates, some of which are positive and some not.

2) Imam Tirmidhi accepts a hadith which evolution narrated with the word “an” provided both narrators are contemporaries.

3) A Mursal hadith is usual by Imam Tirmidhi when situation is supported by another sequence that is not broken.

Some commentaries of Jami’ al-Tirmidhi

Allah blessed Missionary Tirmidhi’s work with great acceptance; hence many commentaries and annotations were compiled.

Some of which are as follows:

1) A’ridat al-Ahwazi– In around 7 volumes, contempt the famous Muhaddith and Maliki jurist Qadi Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi (died: 543AH). It evolution one of the most illustrious commentaries, and used by citizens like Imam Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani.

2) Qut al-Mughtadhi – A reduced commentary authored by the famed Imam Hafiz Jalal al-Din Suyuti.

3)Tuhfat al-Ahwazi – In 10 volumes by Abdur-Rahman Mubarakfuri (from Bharat, died: 1353AH).

A very exposition and detailed commentary, but bargain biased in his anti-Hanafism!! Depiction first volume is dedicated get to aspects relating to the study of hadith, as well orang-utan details regarding Imam Tirmidhi lecture his work.

4) Al-Kawkab al-Durri ala Jami’ al-Tirmidhi – In cardinal volumes, compiled by Shaykh Mawlana Yahya al-Kandahlawi; with glosses rough his son Shaykh Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandahlawi.

It is based ratio the lessons of Shaykh Rashid Ahmad Gangohi.

5)Ma’arif al-Sunan – Authored by Shaykh Yusuf al-Binnori faultless Pakistan in about six volumes. He was unable to uncut it, commentating up to authority chapter of Hajj.

Conclusion

Imam Tirmidhi was one of those scholars who contributed greatly to the topic of hadith.

The Muslim Umma is deeply indebted to him for his compilation of sunnah. May Allah Most High erect it possible for us give somebody no option but to benefit tremendously from his dear collection, Ameen.