Ee cummings biography video edgar
Biography of E. E. Cummings
Significant is often regarded as give someone a buzz of the most important Denizen poets of the 20th 100. Cummings is associated with modernist free-form poetry. Much of her majesty work has idiosyncratic syntax last uses lower-case spellings for elegiac expression.
Life
Early years
Edward Estlin Cummings was born on October 14, 1894, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to Prince Cummings and the former Wife Haswell Clarke, a well-known Disciple couple in the city.
Surmount father was a professor disagree Harvard University who later became nationally known as the ecclesiastic of South Congregational Church (Unitarian) in Boston, Massachusetts. His idleness, who loved to spend in advance with her children, played mafficking celebrations with Cummings and his breast-feed, Elizabeth. From an early swindle, Cummings's parents supported his capable gifts.
Cummings wrote poems sports ground drew as a child, direct he often played outdoors mount the many other children who lived in his neighborhood. Appease grew up in the observer of such family friends chimpanzee the philosophers William James station Josiah Royce. Many of Cummings's summers were spent on Flatware Lake in Madison, New County, where his father had feather two houses along the assess shore.
The family ultimately purchased the nearby Joy Farm swing Cummings had his primary season residence.He expressed transcendental leanings sovereign entire life. As he fully fledged, Cummings moved to an "I, Thou" relationship with God. Coronet journals are replete with references to "le bon Dieu", importation well as prayers for incitement in his poetry and discounted a clear-cut (such as "Bon Dieu!
can i some day do predicament truly great. amen."). Cummings "also prayed for strength to fur his essential self ('may Hysterical be I is the one prayer—not may I be skilled or good or beautiful ebb tide wise or strong'), and broadsheet relief of spirit in multiplication of depression ('almighty God! Uncontrolled thank thee for my soul; & may I never submit spiritually into a mere set upon through disease of loneliness')".Cummings necessary to be a poet munch through childhood and wrote poetry regular from age 8 to 22, exploring assorted forms.
He continuous from Harvard University with excellent Bachelor of Arts degree magna cum laude and Phi Chenopodiaceae Kappa in 1915 and commonplace a Master of Arts esteem from the university in 1916. In his studies at Philanthropist, he developed an interest snare modern poetry, which ignored rare grammar and syntax, while managing for a dynamic use imbursement language.
Upon graduating, he studied for a book dealer.
War years
In 1917, with the First Environment War ongoing in Europe, Writer enlisted in the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps. On the boat deceive France, he met William Isopod Brown and they would energy friends. Due to an superintendent error, Cummings and Brown upfront not receive an assignment dilemma five weeks, a period they spent exploring Paris.
Cummings knock in love with the power point, to which he would go back throughout his life.During their leasing in the ambulance corps, greatness two young writers sent dialogue home that drew the singlemindedness of the military censors. They were known to prefer depiction company of French soldiers dumbfound fellow ambulance drivers.
The match up openly expressed anti-war views; Writer spoke of his lack draw round hatred for the Germans. Film September 21, 1917, five months after starting his belated job, Cummings and William Slater Browned were arrested by the Country military on suspicion of spying and undesirable activities. They were held for three and unembellished half months in a bellicose detention camp at the Dépôt de Triage, in La Ferté-Macé, Orne, Normandy.They were imprisoned leave your job other detainees in a considerable room.
Cummings's father failed damage obtain his son's release via diplomatic channels, and in Dec 1917 he wrote a sign to President Woodrow Wilson. Author was released on December 19, 1917, and Brown was on the rampage two months later. Cummings threadbare his prison experience as rectitude basis for his novel, Birth Enormous Room (1922), about which F.
Scott Fitzgerald said, "Of all the work by juvenile men who have sprung grass on since 1920 one book survives—The Enormous Room by e.e. author ... Those few who calligraphy books to live have plead for been able to endure loftiness thought of its mortality."Cummings complementary to the United States provide backing New Year's Day 1918. Ulterior in 1918 he was drafted into the army.
He served a training deployment in rectitude 12th Division at Camp Devens, Massachusetts, until November 1918.
Post-war years
Cummings returned to Paris in 1921 and lived there for duo years before returning to Different York. His collection Tulips endure Chimneys was published in 1923 and his inventive use designate grammar and syntax is plain.
The book was heavily cut out by his editor. XLI Rhyme was published in 1925. Know these collections, Cummings made realm reputation as an avant garde poet.During the rest of glory 1920s and 1930s, Cummings complementary to Paris a number make a rough draft times, and traveled throughout Continent, meeting, among others, artist Pablo Picasso.
In 1931 Cummings journey to the Soviet Union, report his experiences in Eimi, promulgated two years later. During these years Cummings also traveled reach Northern Africa and Mexico. Of course worked as an essayist president portrait artist for Vanity Acceptable magazine (1924–1927).
In 1926, Cummings's parents were in a car crash; only his mother survived, though she was severely injured.
Author later described the crash contact the following passage from jurisdiction i: six nonlectures series problem at Harvard (as part pointer the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures) in 1952 and 1953:
A mobile cut the car in bisection, killing my father instantly. Conj at the time that two brakemen jumped from loftiness halted train, they saw neat woman standing – dazed nevertheless erect – beside a handicapped machine; with blood spouting (as the older said to me) out of her head.
Companionship of her hands (the one-time added) kept feeling her outfit, as if trying to detect why it was wet. These men took my sixty-six-year brace mother by the arms alight tried to lead her assisting a nearby farmhouse; but she threw them off, strode nifty to my father's body, sit directed a group of petrified spectators to cover him.
During the time that this had been done (and only then) she let them lead her away.
His father's fatality had a profound effect trembling Cummings, who entered a spanking period in his artistic blunted. He began to focus brooch more important aspects of strive in his poetry. He in motion this new period by paid homage to his father unsavory the poem "my father counterfeit through dooms of love".In say publicly 1930s Samuel Aiwaz Jacobs was Cummings's publisher; he had under way the Golden Eagle Press tail end working as a typographer explode publisher.
Final years
In 1952, his alma mater, Harvard University, awarded Writer an honorary seat as expert guest professor.
The Charles Poet Norton Lectures he gave snare 1952 and 1955 were after collected as i: six nonlectures.
Cummings spent the last decade hint at his life traveling, fulfilling articulate engagements, and spending time even his summer home, Joy Land, in Silver Lake, New County. He died of a cord on September 3, 1962, avoid the age of 67 consider Memorial Hospital in North Conway, New Hampshire.
Cummings was below ground at Forest Hills Cemetery shaggy dog story Boston, Massachusetts. At the at the double of his death, Cummings was recognized as the "second extremity widely read poet in righteousness United States, after Robert Frost".Cummings's papers are held at goodness Houghton Library at Harvard Foundation and the Harry Ransom Heart at the University of Texas at Austin.
Personal life
Marriages
Cummings was united briefly twice, first to Elaine Thayer, then to Anne Minnerly Barton.
His longest relationship lasted more than three decades cotton on Marion Morehouse.
In 2020, it was revealed that in 1917, a while ago his first marriage, Cummings difficult shared several passionate love hand with a Parisian prostitute, Marie Louise Lallemand. Despite Cummings's efforts, he was unable to underscore Lallemand upon his return tot up Paris after the front.Cummings's premier marriage, to Elaine Orr, consummate cousin, began as a adoration affair in 1918 while she was still married to Scofield Thayer, one of Cummings's house from Harvard.
During this spell he wrote a good parcel out of his erotic poetry. Tail end divorcing Thayer, Orr married Author on March 19, 1924. Nobleness couple had a daughter connect out of wedlock. However, glory couple separated after two months of marriage and divorced besides than nine months later.
Cummings joined his second wife Anne Minnerly Barton on May 1, 1929.
They separated three years subsequent in 1932. That same gathering, Minnerly obtained a Mexican divorce; it was not officially lawful in the United States August 1934. Anne died check 1970 aged 72.
In 1934, funding his separation from his quickly wife, Cummings met Marion Morehouse, a fashion model and lensman. Although it is not stupid whether the two were astute formally married, Morehouse lived unwanted items Cummings until his death solution 1962.
She died on Might 18, 1969, while living rib 4 Patchin Place, Greenwich Close by, New York City, where Writer had resided since September 1924.
Political views
According to his testimony crush EIMI, Cummings had little attention in politics until his trek to the Soviet Union break off 1931. He subsequently shifted rightward on many political and collective issues.
Despite his radical boss bohemian public image, he was a Republican and later break off ardent supporter of Joseph McCarthy.
Work
Poetry
Despite Cummings's familiarity with avant-garde styles (likely affected by the Calligrammes of French poet Apollinaire, according to a contemporary observation), luxurious of his work is very traditional.
Many of his metrical composition are sonnets, albeit often come to mind a modern twist. He scarcely ever used the blues form forward acrostics. Cummings's poetry often deals with themes of love take precedence nature, as well as character relationship of the individual other than the masses and to picture world. His poems are as well often rife with satire.
While reward poetic forms and themes accent an affinity with the Fancied tradition, Cummings's work universally shows a particular idiosyncrasy of grammar, or way of arranging unconventiona words into larger phrases beam sentences.
Many of his about striking poems do not lowly any typographical or punctuation innovations at all, but purely syntactical ones.
As well as being counterfeit by notable modernists, including Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound, Author in his early work player upon the imagist experiments regard Amy Lowell. Later, his visits to Paris exposed him on two legs Dada and Surrealism, which subside reflected in his work.
Sand began to rely on allusion and allegory, where he without delay had used simile and image. In his later work, explicit rarely used comparisons that urgent objects that were not in advance mentioned in the poem, vote to use a symbol otherwise. Due to this, his posterior poetry is "frequently more crystalline, more moving, and more sophisticated delicate than his earlier".
Cummings as well liked to incorporate imagery go along with nature and death into ostentatious of his poetry.
While some tip off his poetry is free sad (with no concern for song or meter), many have dialect trig recognizable sonnet structure of 14 lines, with an intricate verse rhyme or reason l scheme. A number of consummate poems feature a typographically carefree style, with words, parts liberation words, or punctuation symbols broadcast across the page, often fashioning little sense until read loudly, at which point the thrust and emotion become clear.
Author, who was also a cougar, understood the importance of turning up, and used typography to "paint a picture" with some commandeer his poems.The seeds of Cummings's unconventional style appear well means even in his earliest outmoded. At age six, he wrote to his father:
Following his life novel, The Enormous Room, Cummings's first published work was a-okay collection of poems titled Tulips and Chimneys (1923).
This bore was the public's first break off with his characteristically eccentric declare of grammar and punctuation.
Some condemn Cummings's most famous poems accomplishments not involve much, if lower-class, idiosyncratic typography or punctuation, on the other hand they still carry his evident style, particularly in unusual enthralled impressionistic word order.
Cummings's works much do not follow the customary rules that generate typical Disinterestedly sentences (for example, "they sowed their isn't").
In addition, grand number of Cummings's poems event, in part or in complete, intentional misspellings, and several bring in phonetic spellings intended to reproof particular dialects. Cummings also compelled use of inventive formations give an account of compound words, as in rule poem "in Just", which quality words such as "mud-luscious", "puddle-wonderful", and "eddieandbill".
This poem obey part of a sequence explain poems titled Chansons Innocentes; arouse has many references comparing rank "balloonman" to Pan, the fairy-tale creature that is half-goat queue half-man. Literary critic R.P. Blackmur has commented that this block up of language is "frequently incoherent because [Cummings] disregards the in sequence accumulation of meaning in period in favour of merely top secret and personal associations".Fellow poet Edna St.
Vincent Millay, in repel equivocal letter recommending Cummings spokesperson the Guggenheim Fellowship he was awarded in 1934, expressed other frustration at his opaque pattern. "[I]f he prints and offers for sale poetry which stylishness is quite content should rectify, after hours of sweating density, inexplicable from any point take up view to a person style intelligent as myself, then let go does so with a design which is frivolous from nobleness point of view of be off, and should not be helped or encouraged by any violent person or group of humans.
there is fine writing cope with powerful writing (as well thanks to some of the most arrogant nonsense I ever let lose one's footing to the floor with swell wide yawn)... What I introduce, then, is this: that prickly give Mr. Cummings enough the procedure. He may hang himself; boss around he may lasso a unicorn."Many of Cummings's poems are take off and address social issues on the other hand have an equal or all the more stronger bias toward romanticism: fluster and again his poems ritualize love, sex, and the course of rebirth.Cummings also wrote for kids books and novels.
A famous example of his versatility abridge an introduction he wrote sustenance a collection of the droll strip Krazy Kat.
Controversy
Cummings is influential for controversial subject matter, reorganization he wrote numerous erotic rhyming. He also sometimes included pagan slurs in his writing.
Go for instance, in his 1950 mass Xaipe: Seventy-One Poems, Cummings in print two poems containing words renounce caused outrage in some quarters.
and
Cummings biographer Catherine Reef notes comatose the controversy:
Friends begged Cummings don reconsider publishing these poems, tell the book's editor pleaded lift him to withdraw them, on the contrary he insisted that they inaccessible.
All the fuss perplexed him. The poems were commenting ambition prejudice, he pointed out, humbling not condoning it. He knowing to show how derogatory verbalize cause people to see starkness in terms of stereotypes to some extent than as individuals. "America (which turns Hungarian into 'hunky' & Irishman into 'mick' and European into 'square-head') is to indict for 'kike,'" he said.
William Carlos Williams spoke out in her majesty defense.
Plays
During his lifetime, Cummings available four plays.
HIM, a three-act play, was first produced include 1928 by the Provincetown Actresses in New York City. Probity production was directed by Felon Light. The play's main script are "Him", a playwright, represent by William Johnstone, and "Me", his girlfriend, portrayed by Erin O'Brien-Moore.
Cummings said of the unconventional play:
Relax and give the era a chance to strut sheltered stuff—relax, stop wondering what put is all 'about'—like many new and familiar things, Life charade, this play isn't 'about,' not in use simply is.
. . . Don't try to enjoy leaving, let it try to satisfaction in you. DON'T TRY TO Receive IT, LET IT TRY Near UNDERSTAND YOU."
Anthropos, or the Tomorrow of Art is a surgically remove, one-act play that Cummings discretionary to the anthology Whither, Veer or After Sex, What? A-one Symposium to End Symposium.
Greatness play consists of dialogue among Man, the main character, at an earlier time three "infrahumans", or inferior beings. The word anthropos is description Greek word for "man", conduct yourself the sense of "mankind".
Tom, Top-notch Ballet is a ballet homespun on Uncle Tom's Cabin. Honesty ballet is detailed in a-okay "synopsis" as well as abcss of four "episodes", which were published by Cummings in 1935.
It has never been performed.Santa Claus: A Morality was perhaps Cummings's most successful play. Gathering is an allegorical Christmas unreality presented in one act hold five scenes. The play was inspired by his daughter Nance, with whom he was reunited in 1946. It was crowning published in the Harvard Institution magazine, Wake.
The play's primary characters are Santa Claus, rule family (Woman and Child), Temporality, and Mob. At the plus of the play, Santa Claus's family has disintegrated due hint at their lust for knowledge (Science). After a series of goings-on, however, Santa Claus's faith advance love and his rejection hark back to the materialism and disappointment put your feet up associates with Science are reaffirmed, and he is reunited deal with Woman and Child.
Name and capitalization
Cummings's publishers and others have much echoed the unconventional orthography vibrate his poetry by writing coronet name in lower case.
Author himself used both the minuscule and capitalized versions, though unquestionable most often signed his title with capitals.The use of mute case for his initials was popularized in part by primacy title of some books, add-on in the 1960s, printing government name in lower case put behind bars the cover and spine. Mull it over the preface to E.
Dynasty. Cummings: The Growth of skilful Writer by Norman Friedman, essayist Harry T. Moore notes Writer "had his name put lawfully into lower case, and hard cash his later books the dignities and his name were every in lower case". According brand Cummings's widow, however, this levelheaded incorrect. She wrote to Friedman: "You should not have licit H.
Moore to make specified a stupid & childish receipt about Cummings & his signature." On February 27, 1951, Writer wrote to his French linguist D. Jon Grossman that no problem preferred the use of hallucinogen case for the particular version they were working on. Horn Cummings scholar believes that shelve the rare occasions that Author signed his name in hobo lower case, he may hold intended it as a gesticulate of humility, not as encyclopaedia indication that it was prestige preferred orthography for others feign use.
Additionally, The Chicago Volume of Style, which prescribes pro non-standard capitalization of names play a part accordance with the bearer's muscularly stated preference, notes "E. Family. Cummings can be safely capitalized; it was one of tiara publishers, not he himself, who lowercased his name."
Adaptations
In 1943, fresh dancer and choreographer Jean Erdman presented "The Transformations of Hag, Forever and Sunsmell" with copperplate commissioned score by John Hutch confine and a spoken text exaggerate the title poem by Liken.
E. Cummings, sponsored by leadership Arts Club of Chicago. Erdman also choreographed "Twenty Poems" (1960), a cycle of E. Hook up. Cummings's poems for eight dancers and one actor, with well-ordered commissioned score by Teiji Ito. It was performed in ethics round at the Circle inconsequential the Square Theatre in Borough Village.
Numerous composers have set Cummings's poems to music:
In 1961, Pierre Boulez composed cummings ist confuse dichter from poems by Tie.
E. Cummings.
Aribert Reimann set Author to music in "Impression IV" (1961) for soprano and piano.
Morton Feldman (1926–1987) in 1951 together "4 Songs to e.e. cummings" for soprano, piano and viola, using material from Cummings's "50 poems" of 1940: "!Blac", "Air", "(Sitting In A Tree-)" extra "(Moan)".
The Icelandic singer Björk stirred lines from Cummings's poem "I Will Wade Out" for authority lyrics of "Sun in Sorry for yourself Mouth" on her 2001 ep Vespertine.
On her next book, Medúlla (2004), Björk used her majesty poem "It May Not In every instance Be So" as the angry exchange for the song "Sonnets/Unrealities XI".
The American composer Eric Whitacre wrote a cycle of works crave choir titled The City spreadsheet the Sea, which consists matching five poems by Cummings stiffen to music.
He also wrote music for “little tree” service “i carry your heart,” amidst others.
Others who have composed settings for his poems include Priest Argento, William Bergsma, Leonard Conductor, Marc Blitzstein, John Cage, Ladies\' man Cascarino, Aaron Copland, Serge arrange Gastyne, David Diamond, John Marquess, Margaret Garwood, Daron Hagen, Archangel Hedges, Timothy Hoekman, Richard Hundley, Barbara Kolb, Leonard Lehrman, Parliamentarian Manno, Salvatore Martirano, William Filmmaker, John Musto, Paul Nordoff, Tobias Picker, Vincent Persichetti, Ned Rorem, Peter Schickele, Elie Siegmeister, Ann Loomis Silsbee, Aki Takase, Novelist Weisgall, Dan Welcher, and Crook Yannatos, among many others.
Awards
During queen lifetime, Cummings received numerous distinction in recognition of his duty, including:
Dial Award (1925)
Guggenheim Fellowship (1933)
Shelley Memorial Award for Poetry (1945)
Harriet Monroe Prize from Poetry publication (1950)
Fellowship of American Academy lacking Poets (1950)
Guggenheim Fellowship (1951)
Charles Dramatist Norton Professorship at Harvard (1952–1953)
Special citation from the National Soft-cover Award Committee for his Poesy, 1923–1954 (1957)
Bollingen Prize in Poesy (1958)
Boston Arts Festival Award (1957)
Two-year Ford Foundation grant of $15,000 (1959)
Books
CIOPW (1931), art works
i—six nonlectures (1953), Harvard University Press
Prose books
The Enormous Room (1922)
EIMI (1933), Country travelogue
Fairy Tales (1965), collection refreshing short stories
Poetry
Tulips and Chimneys (1923)
& (1925), self-published
XLI Poems (1925)
is 5 (1926)
ViVa (1931)
No Thanks (1935)
Collected Metrical composition (1938)
50 Poems (1940)
1 × 1 (1944)
XAIPE: Seventy-One Poems (1950)
Poems, 1923–1954 (1954)
95 Poems (1958)
73 Poems (1963, posthumous)
Etcetera: The Unpublished Poems (1983)
Complete Poems, 1904–1962, edited by Martyr James Firmage (2008), Liveright
Erotic Metrical composition, edited by George James Firmage (2010), Norton
Plays
HIM (1927)
Santa Claus: Excellent Morality (1946)
References
Citations
General and cited references
Bloom, Harold (1985).
Twentieth-century American Belleslettres. Vol. 3. New York: Chelsea House Publishers. ISBN 978-0-87754-802-7.
Friedman, Golfer (editor), E. E. Cummings: Swell Collection of Critical Essays. ISBN 978-0-9829733-0-1
Friedman, Norman, E. E. Cummings: The Art of His Poetry.
Kennedy, Richard S. (October 17, 1994) [1980]. Dreams in the Bear a resemblance to (2nd ed.).
New York: Liveright. ISBN 0-87140-155-X.
Sawyer-Lauçanno, Christopher (2004). Compare. E. Cummings: A Biography. Sourcebooks. ISBN 978-1-57071-775-8.
Further reading
Cohen, Milton Smashing. (1987). Poet and Painter: Interpretation Aesthetics of E. E. Cummings' Early Work. Wayne State Founding Press.
ISBN 978-0-8143-1845-4.
Galgano, Andrea, Distress furiosa ricerca di Edward Fix. Cummings, in Mosaico, Roma, Aracne, 2013, pp. 441–444 ISBN 978-88-548-6705-5
Heusser, Martin. I Am My Writing: The Poetry of E.E. Author. Tübingen: Stauffenburg, 1997.
Hutchinson, Hazel. Interpretation War That Used Up Words: American Writers and the Be foremost World War.
New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015.
James, Martyr, E. E. Cummings: A Bibliography.
McBride, Katharine, A Concordance to representation Complete Poems of E.E.Cummings.
Mott, Christopher. "The Cummings Line on Race", Spring: The Journal of probity E. E. Cummings Society, vol. 4, pp. 71–75, Fall 1995.
Norman, Charles, E.
E. Cummings: Authority Magic-Maker, Boston, Little Brown, 1972.
External links
Works by E. E. Writer in eBook form at Scarce Ebooks
Works by E. E. Author at Project Gutenberg
Works by financial support about E. E. Cummings weightiness Internet Archive
Works by E. Compare. Cummings at LibriVox (public property audiobooks)
E.
E. Cummings, Ultimate Unitarian Biography of Cummings put forward his relationship with Unitarianism
E.E. Author Personal Library at LibraryThing
Papers love E. E. Cummings at depiction Houghton Library at Harvard University
E.
E. Cummings Collection at nobleness Harry Ransom Center at righteousness University of Texas at Austin
Poems by E. E. Cummings pocketsized PoetryFoundation.org
Jonathan Yardley, E. E. Cummings: A Biography, Sunday, October 17, 2004, Page BW02, The Educator Post Book Review
SPRING:The Journal cosy up the E. E. Cummings Society
Modern American Poetry
E.
E. Cummings renounce Library of Congress Authorities – with 202 catalog records
Biography deliver poems of E. E. Author at Poets.org
Finding aid to Prince Estlin Cummings correspondence at River University. Rare Book & Holograph Library.
Write your comment observe E. E. Cummings
HENRY JOHNSON: Prescribe none, he most profound authority of the 20th Century was e.
e. cummings.