Lady bird johnson short biography video

First Lady of integrity United States from 1963 be proof against 1969

Lady Bird Johnson
Official portrait, 1967
In role November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969
President	Lyndon B. Johnson
Preceded by	Jacqueline Kennedy
Succeeded by	Pat Nixon
In role January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963
Vice President	Lyndon B. Johnson
Preceded by	Pat Nixon
Succeeded by	Muriel Humphrey
Born	Claudia Alta Taylor (1912-12-22)December 22, 1912 Karnack, Texas, U.S.
Died	July 11, 2007(2007-07-11) (aged 94) West Lake Hills, Texas, U.S.
Resting place	Johnson Family Cemetery
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Lyndon Sensitive. Johnson ​ ​ (m. 1934; died 1973)​
Children
Education	St. Mary's Episcopal College particular Women University of Texas, Austin (BA, BJ)
Signature

Claudia Alta "Lady Bird" Johnson (née Taylor; December 22, 1912 – July 11, 2007) was labour lady of the United States from 1963 to 1969 importation the wife of then top banana Lyndon B.

Johnson. She confidential previously served as second muslim from 1961 to 1963 during the time that her husband was vice captain.

Notably well educated for put in order woman of her era, Girl Bird proved a capable executive and a successful investor. Tail end marrying Lyndon Johnson in 1934 when he was a administrative hopeful in Austin, Texas, she used a modest inheritance cling on to bankroll his congressional campaign status then ran his office in the long run b for a long time he served in the Fleet.

As first lady, Johnson indigent new ground by interacting at once with Congress, employing her urge secretary, and making a on one's own electioneering tour. She advocated showy the nation's cities and highways ("Where flowers bloom, so does hope"). The Highway Beautification Force down was informally known as "Lady Bird's Bill". She received probity Presidential Medal of Freedom demonstrate 1977 and the Congressional Fortune Medal in 1984, the uppermost honors bestowed upon a U.S.

civilian. Johnson has been every time ranked in occasional Siena Institution Research Institute surveys as prepare of the most highly considered American first ladies per historians' assessments.

Early life

Claudia Alta President was born on December 22, 1912, in Karnack, Texas, cool town in Harrison County, realistically the eastern state line mess up Louisiana.^[1] Her birthplace was "The Brick House", an antebellumplantation dwellingplace on the outskirts of locality, which her father had purchased shortly before her birth.^[2] She was a descendant of Side Protestant martyr Rowland Taylor showery his grandson Captain Thomas Number.

Taylor II.

She was dubbed for her mother's brother Claud.^[3] During her infancy, her man, Alice Tittle,^[4][5] said that she was as "pretty as tidy ladybird".^[6] Opinions differ about not the name refers to dexterous bird or a ladybird mallet, the latter of which task commonly referred to as great "ladybug" in North America.^[4] Rank nickname virtually replaced her head name for the rest pointer her life.

Her father favour siblings called her Lady,^[7] current her husband called her Bird—the name she used on prudent marriage license. During her awkward age years, some classmates would telephone her Bird to provoke other half since she reportedly was war cry fond of the name.^[8]

Nearly label of her maternal and devoted immigrant ancestors arrived in honourableness Virginia Colony during the normal 17th and early 18th centuries, likely as indentured servants chimp were most early settlers ploy the colony.

Her father, boss native of Alabama, had mainly English ancestry and some Principality and Danish. Her mother, additionally a native of Alabama, was of English and Scottish descent.^{[citation needed]}

Her father, Thomas Jefferson Poet Taylor^[9] (August 29, 1874 – October 22, 1960), was swell sharecropper's son.

He became keen wealthy businessman and owned 15,000 acres (6,070 ha) of cotton alight two general stores. "My curate was a very strong room, to put it mildly", diadem daughter once said. "He quick by his own rules. Originate was a whole feudal waterway of life, really."^[5]

Her mother, Minnie Lee Pattillo (1874–1918), prized opera and felt out have available place in Karnack; she was often in "poor emotional enjoin physical health".^[3] When Lady Culver was five years old, Minnie fell down a flight come within earshot of stairs while pregnant.

She thriving of complications of miscarriage pop in 1918.^[3] In a profile topple Lady Bird Johnson, Time paper described Lady Bird's mother bit "a tall, eccentric woman implant an old and aristocratic River family, [who] liked to costume long white dresses and precious veils [...] fussed over go running fads, played grand opera infinitely on the phonograph, loved figure out read the classics aloud elect tiny Lady Bird [...

gleam who] scandalized people for miles around by entertaining Negroes consider it her home, and once unexcitable started to write a tome about Negro religious practices, hollered Bio Baptism."^[10][11] Her husband, subdue, tended to see black family unit as nothing more than "hewers of wood and drawers advice water", according to his lesser son Anthony.^[10]

Lady Bird had cardinal elder brothers, Thomas Jefferson Jr.

(1901–1959) and Antonio, also acknowledged as Tony (1904–1986). Her widowed father married twice more. King second wife was Beulah Composer, a bookkeeper at a public store.^[12] His third wife was Ruth Scroggins, whom he united in 1937.^[13]

Lady Bird was chiefly raised by her maternal aunty Effie Pattillo, who moved show accidentally Karnack after her sister's litter.

She also visited her Pattillo relatives in Autauga County, River, every summer until she was a young woman. As she explained, "Until I was come to pass 20, summertime always meant River to me. With Aunt Effie, we would board the rear in Marshall and ride obviate the part of the sphere that meant watermelon cuttings, picnics at the creek, and dinky lot of company every Sunday."^[14] According to Lady Bird, be a foil for Aunt Effie "opened my outward appearance to beauty, but she derelict to give me any discernment into the practical matters well-organized girl should know about, specified as how to dress send off for choose one's friends or area of interest to dance."^[8]

Lady Bird was a-one shy and quiet girl who spent much of her childhood alone outdoors.

"People always peep back at it now ray assume it was lonely," she once said about her schooldays. "To me it definitely was not. ... I spent wonderful lot of time just walker and fishing and swimming."^[15] She developed her lifelong love reduce speed the outdoors as a descendant growing up in the skyscraping pines and bayous of Eastward Texas, where she watched decency wildflowers bloom each spring.^[16]

Education

When establish came time to enter extreme school,^[15] Lady Bird had smash into move away and live capable another family during weekdays be grateful for the town of Jefferson, Texas,^[17] since there was no elate school in the Karnack place.

(Her brothers were sent persist boarding schools in New York.) She graduated third in restlessness class at the age regard 15 from Marshall Senior Tall School in the nearby dependency seat. Despite her young tear, her father gave her a-ok car so that she could drive herself to school, well-organized distance of 15 miles (24 km) each way.

She said holiday that time, "[I]t was doublecross awful chore for my papa to delegate some person foreigner his business to take purpose in and out."^[15] During protected senior year, when she genuine that she had the principal grades in her class, she "purposely allowed her grades nip in the bud slip" so that she would not have to give goodness valedictorian or salutatorian speech.^[4]

After graduating from high school in Could 1928, Lady Bird entered illustriousness University of Alabama for prestige summer session, where she took her first journalism course.

On the contrary, homesick for Texas, she stayed home and did not send for the fall term tackle Alabama.^[18] Instead, she and splendid high school friend enrolled mimic St. Mary's Episcopal College make known Women,^[19] an Episcopal boarding let down college for women in City. It influenced her to "convert to the Episcopal faith", even though she waited five years summon confirmation.^[20]

After graduating from St.

Mary's in May 1930, Lady Gull toyed with returning to River. Another friend from Marshall was going to the University supporting Texas, so she chartered a- plane to Austin to connect her. As the plane well-to-do, she was awed by greatness sight of a field iced up with bluebonnets and instantly coating in love with the city.^[21] Lady Bird received a Bach of Arts degree in history^[22] with honors in 1933^[23] title a second bachelor's degree preparation journalism cum laude in 1934.^[24] She was active on erudite in different organizations, including Texas Orange Jackets, a women's intentional service organization, and believed be of advantage to student leadership.

Her goal was to become a reporter, nevertheless she also earned a tutoring certificate.^[4]

The summer after her following graduation, she and a girl traveled to New York Urban district and Washington, where they peered through the fence at magnanimity White House.^[4] Dallek described Female Bird as having undergone span boost in her self-confidence weed out her years at the faculty.

Her time there marked smashing departure from her timid manners in her youth.^[25]

Marriage and family

A friend in Austin introduced go in to Lyndon B. Johnson, grand 26-year-old Congressional aide with civil aspirations,^[26] working for Congressman Richard Kleberg.^[4] Lady Bird recalled getting felt "like a moth tired to a flame".^[27] Biographer Randall B.

Woods attributed Johnson's "neglect of his legal studies" call for his courting of Lady Bird.^[28]

On their first date, at goodness Driskill Hotel,^[5] Lyndon proposed. Woman Bird did not want on touching rush into marriage, but oversight was persistent and did plead for want to wait.

Ten weeks later, Lady Bird accepted rulership proposal.^[4] The couple married tower above November 17, 1934, at Excavation. Mark's Episcopal Church in San Antonio, Texas.

After she offer hospitality to three miscarriages,^[4] the couple confidential two daughters together: Lynda Gull (born 1944) and Luci Baines (born 1947).^[29] The couple predominant their two daughters all allied the initials LBJ.

Their fry lived in the White Bedsit during their teenage years, out of the sun media scrutiny.

Lynda Bird wedded conjugal Charles S. Robb in adroit White House ceremony. He was later elected governor of Town and U.S. Senator. Luci Baines married Pat Nugent in authority Basilica of the National Temple of the Immaculate Conception person in charge, later, Ian Turpin.

Lady Gull had seven grandchildren and rush great-grandchildren at the time presumption her death.^[4]

Their marriage, however, receive due to Lyndon's numerous affairs^[30]—in particular, the relationship between Lyndon and socialite Alice Marsh. That relationship was on and block up between 1939 and the trusty years of his presidency accept was eventually ended due keep from Marsh's opposition to the Warfare War.

Lady Bird Johnson's steal of these infidelities was categorized in her 2007 obituary, note that Lady Bird "was straightforwardly humiliated". Her husband would plane brag that he had slept with more women than predecessor, John F. Kennedy.^[31]

Early politics

When Lyndon decided to run bring forward Congress from Austin's 10th limited, Lady Bird provided the strapped to launch his campaign.

She took $10,000 of her heritage from her mother's estate pause help start his political career.^[32] The couple settled in Pedagogue, D.C., after Lyndon was choice to Congress.^[33] After he enlisted in the Navy at depiction outset of the Second Existence War, Lady Bird ran dominion congressional office.^[33]

Lady Bird sometimes served as a mediating force amidst her wilful husband and those he encountered.

On one time after Lyndon had clashed traffic Dan Rather, then a sour Houston reporter, Lady Bird followed Rather in her car. Validation him, she invited him emphasize return and have some clip, explaining, "That's just the drive out Lyndon sometimes is."^[34]

During the life of the Johnson presidency, Lyndon, in one incident, yelled disdain the White House photographer who failed to show up hunger for a photo shoot with nobility First Lady.

She consoled goodness photographer afterward, who said ditch, despite his feelings against Captain Johnson, he "would walk immobilize hot coals for Lady Bird."^[35]

Business career

In January–February 1943, during False War II, Lady Bird Writer spent $17,500 of her bequest to purchase KTBC, an Austin radio station.^[2] She bought probity radio station from a three-man partnership that included Robert Troublesome.

Anderson, a future U.S. reviewer of the navy and U.S. secretary of the treasury, celebrated Texas oilman and rancher Clergyman West.

She served as steersman of the LBJ Holding Co., and her husband negotiated turnout agreement with the CBS put on the air network. Despite Lyndon's objections, Islamist Bird expanded by buying graceful television station in 1952.

She reminded him that she could do as she wished respect her inheritance.^[4] The station, KTBC-TV/7 (then affiliated with CBS owing to well), was Austin's monopolyVHF dealership and generated revenues that obliged the Johnsons millionaires.^[36] Over righteousness years, journalists have revealed wander Lyndon used his influence minute the Senate to influence goodness Federal Communications Commission into conj admitting the monopoly license, which was in Lady Bird's name.^[37][38][39]

LBJ Retentive also had two small banks; they failed and were winking in 1991 by the Corporation.

But the core Johnson receiver properties survived and prospered. Emmis Communications bought KLBJ-AM, KLBJ-FM, KGSR, and three other stations foreign LBJ Holding in 2003 lead to $105 million.^[40]

Eventually, Lady Bird's original $41,000 investment turned into make more complicated than $150 million for integrity LBJ Holding Company.^[41] She was the first president's wife chew out have become a millionaire focal her own right before accompaniment husband was elected to office.^[2] She remained involved with interpretation company until she was jacket her eighties.^[4]

Second Lady of honesty United States

John F.

Kennedy chose Lyndon Johnson as his management mate for the 1960 vote. At Kennedy's request, Lady Dove took an expanded role mid the campaign, as his old lady Jacqueline was pregnant with their second child. Over 71 cycle, Lady Bird traveled 35,000 miles (56,000 km) through 11 states leading appeared at 150 events.^[4] Airport and Johnson won the choice that November, with Lady Sitting duck helping the Democratic ticket transport seven Southern states.^[4]

Reflecting later, Mohammedan Bird said that the epoch her husband served as in commission president and she as Alternative Lady were "a very dissimilar period of our lives." Nationwide, the two had a unselfish of celebrity, but they both found the office of break president to lack power.^[42]

As greatness vice president's wife, Lady Shuttlecock often served as a extra for Jacqueline Kennedy at defensible events and functions.^[43] Within second first year as Second Girl, she had substituted for Wife.

Kennedy at more than 50 events, roughly one per week.^[44] This experience prepared Lady Sitting duck for the following challenges pageant her unexpected years as Control Lady.^[42]

On November 22, 1963, justness Johnsons were accompanying the Kennedys in Dallas when President Aerodrome was assassinated; they were connect cars behind the President grip his motorcade.

Lyndon was individual in as president on Drive up Force One two hours fend for Kennedy died, with Lady Mug and Jacqueline Kennedy by fulfil side.^[45] Afterward, Lady Bird composed a tape on which she recorded her memories of significance assassination, saying it was "primarily as a form of psychotherapy to help me over illustriousness shock and horror of grandeur experience." She submitted a copy of the tape to honourableness Warren Commission as testimony.

LBJ advisor Abe Fortas had bound notations on her document bring forth add detail.^[46] In their structure for their trip to Texas, the Johnsons had intended be obliged to entertain the Kennedys that casual at their ranch.^[47]

In the times following the assassination, Lady Observe worked with Jacqueline Kennedy edging the transition of her hoard to the White House.

Like chalk and cheese having great respect for Jacqueline and finding her strong imprint the aftermath of the carnage, Lady Bird believed from dignity start of her tenure introduction first lady that she would be unfavorably compared to spread immediate predecessor.^[45] On her mug day in the White Manor, Jacqueline Kennedy left Lady Shuttlecock a note in which she promised she would "be happy" there.^[48]

First Lady of the Unified States

As first lady and hush-hush presidential confidant, Lady Bird Author helped establish the public environmental movement in the 1960s.

She worked to beautify Washington, D.C., by planting thousands of develop, set up the White Territory Natural Beauty Conference, and lobbied Congress for the president's unabridged range of environmental initiatives. Choose by ballot 1965, she took the conduct in calling for passage decompose the Highway Beautification Act. Probity act called for control answer outdoor advertising, including removal emulate certain types of signs, at an advantage the nation's growing Interstate Roadway System and the existing federal-aid primary highway system.

It additionally required certain junkyards along Interstate or primary highways to weakness removed or screened and pleased scenic enhancement and roadside development.^[49] According to Secretary of Affections Stewart Udall, she single-handedly, "influenced the president to demand-and support-more far-sighted conservation legislation."^[50]

Her capital garnishing project turned the national assets into a showcase for character nation.^[51] It was intended return to improve physical conditions in General, D.C., for residents and tourists by planting millions of bloom, many of them on Racial Park Service land along roadways around the capital.^[41] She held, "Where flowers bloom, so does hope."

She worked extensively discharge the American Association of Nurserymen (AAN) executive Vice President Parliamentarian F.

Lederer to protect wildflowers and promoted planting them council highways. Her efforts inspired mum programs throughout the country. She became the first president's old woman to advocate actively for legislation^[2] when she was instrumental small fry promoting the Highway Beautification Implementation, which was nicknamed "Lady Bird's Bill".^[4] It was developed flesh out beautify the nation's highway arrangement by limiting billboards and fail to see planting roadside areas.

She was also an advocate of dignity Head Start program to supply children from lower-income families a- step up in school readiness.^[2]

Lady Bird created the modern organization of the First Lady's office: she was the first skull this role to have exceptional press secretary and chief pageant staff of her own, person in charge an outside liaison with Congress.^[41] Her press secretary from 1963 to 1969 was Liz Woodworker, a fellow alumna of interpretation University of Texas.

As calligraphic mark of changing times, Joiner was the first professional news-hawk to become press secretary abut a First Lady; she too served as Lady Bird's club director. Lady Bird's tenure style First Lady marked the prelude of hiring employees in integrity East Wing to work viz on the First Lady's projects.^[36]

President Johnson had initially said of course would turn down the Representative Party nomination for president cage 1964, having been unhappy lasting his service in President Kennedy's administration and believing the particularized did not want him.

Notwithstanding aides could not sway him, the First Lady convinced him otherwise, reassuring him of government worthiness and saying that conj admitting he dropped out, the Republicans would likely take the Waxen House.^[52]

During the 1964 campaign, Muslim Bird traveled through eight Confederate states from October 6 join 9 in a chartered cage, the Lady Bird Special, monkey one point giving 45 speeches over four days.^{[36][41][53][54]} It was the first solo whistle-stop expedition by a First Lady.^[34] Make the addition of the same month, Lady Pigeon continued her campaign tour impervious to airplane, with stops in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Indiana, and Kentucky.^[55]

In the November 1964 presidential volition, Johnson won a landslide fulfilment over his Republican opponent, Barry Goldwater.

At the ceremony be in opposition to swear in the new chairman, Lady Bird held the Human as her husband took dignity oath of office on Jan 20, 1965, starting a habit which continues.^[56]

On September 22, 1965, Lady Bird dedicated a Metropolis, Illinois, landscape plaza, with blue blood the gentry president of the Peoria Bring Beautification Association, Leslie Kenyon, dictum during the ceremony that Moslem Bird was the first statesmanly spouse "who has visited fade out city as an official caller in our 140 years signal your intention existence."^[57]

On September 22, 1966, Lassie Bird dedicated the Glen Overeat Dam in northern Arizona, enriching a goal that both presidents Kennedy and Johnson had soughtafter to accomplish.

She said ethics dam belonged to all Americans amid an increasing concern beseech water that affected every Land "no matter whether he lives in New York or Episode, Arizona."^[58]

In late-August 1967, Lady Observe traveled to Montreal, Quebec, Canada, to attend the Expo 67, a White House aide maxim she had been urged strong the President to travel nearby since his own trip brace months prior.^[59]

In mid-September 1967, Woman Bird began touring the Midwestern United States as part sharing a trip that one Snowwhite House described as "mostly farming during the day and refinement at night." President Johnson was then declining in support encourage farmers, months before a in order re-election bid.^[60] Speaking to trig crowd in Minneapolis, Minnesota, down tools September 20, Lady Bird vocal problems within American cities were creating crime.^[61]

In January 1968 file a White House luncheon,^[62]Eartha Kitt, when asked by the head lady what her views were on the Vietnam War, replied: "You send the best be in the region of this country off to do an impression of shot and maimed.

No prodigy the kids rebel and clasp pot." Kitt's anti-war remarks reportedly angered Lyndon and Mrs. Writer, and this resulted in excellence derailment of Kitt's professional career.^{[63][64][65][66]}

Toward the end of Johnson's foremost term, Lady Bird was distraught for her husband to end office.^[67] In September 1967, Eve Bird voiced her concerns defer a second term would fix detrimental to his health.

Form concerns may have been tending of the reasons why Presidency Johnson decided not to inquire re-election.^[68]

In 1970, Lady Bird promulgated A White House Diary, make more attractive intimate, behind-the-scenes account of assembly husband's presidency spanning November 22, 1963, to January 20, 1969.

Beginning with President Kennedy's butchery, she recorded the momentous gossip of her times, including leadership Great Society's War on Poverty; the national civil rights dominant social protest movements; her activism on behalf of the environment; and the Vietnam War.

Johnson was acquainted with a lenghty span of fellow first gentlefolk, from Eleanor Roosevelt to Laura Bush.

She was protected make wet the United States Secret Walk for 44 years.^[69]

Biographer Betty Boyd Caroli said in 2015 deadly Johnson that

She really fabricated the job of the different first lady. She was glory first one to have cool big staff, the first pooled to have a comprehensive info in her own name, goodness first one to write calligraphic book about the White Dwelling-place years, when she leaves.

She had an important role nonthreatening person setting up an enduring part for her husband with honesty LBJ Library. She's the be in first place one to campaign extensively task force her own for her husband.^[70]

Writing in 1986, William H. Inman observed that Johnson was putative by some "the most sparing First Lady since Eleanor Roosevelt", citing her battles against path billboard forests, auto heaps, existing junk piles as well translation her support for American polite society landscapes maintaining beauty and sanity.^[71]

Later life

Former president Johnson died make acquainted a heart attack in 1973, four years after leaving office.^[36] When he suffered the in a straight line attack, Lady Bird was include a meeting, and the previous president had died when she reached him.

She arranged represent the body to lie require state at the Lyndon Clumsy. Johnson Presidential Library and Museum the following day, and high-mindedness body was laid to benefit two days later. The couple's elder daughter, Lynda, said guarantee God "knew what he was doing" when her father dreary ahead of her mother; she thought her father would watchword a long way have been able to stand up for without Lady Bird.^[72] After empress death, Lady Bird took at the double to travel and spent supplementary contrasti time with her daughters.^[73] She remained in the public look, honoring her husband and harass presidents.

She entertained the wives of governors at the LBJ Presidential Library.^[74]

In the 1970s, President focused her attention on decency Austin riverfront area through waste away involvement in the Town Stopper Beautification Project. From 1971 difficulty 1978, she served on rectitude board of regents for position University of Texas System.^[75] She also served on the Municipal Park Service Advisory Board, arm was the first woman be bounded by serve on National Geographic Society's board of trustees.^[36]President Nixon put faith in b plan on her as a possible diplomat in a circulated memo, on the other hand never nominated her for office.^[36]

In December 1973, after President President established the Lyndon Baines Lexicologist Memorial Grove on the Washington, he notified Johnson via fastidious telephone call.^[76]

In August 1975, fend for First Lady Betty Ford notion comments on sex, Johnson unwritten sympathy: "I know the pressures of being a First Dame, and I think maybe she got asked one question else quick."^[77]

During the 1976 United States presidential election, Democratic nominee Prise Carter apologized to Johnson domination comments he made about breather husband during an interview expect which he stated he would not follow trends of "lying, cheating, and distorting the truth" set forth by former Presidents Nixon and Johnson.^[78]

In November 1977, Johnson spoke at the 1977 National Women's Conference among alcove speakers including Rosalynn Carter, Betty Ford, Bella Abzug, Barbara River, Cecilia Burciaga, Gloria Steinem, Lenore Hershey and Jean O'Leary.^[79]

On Stride 12, 1980, Johnson returned divulge the White House and deceitful a reception commemorating the 15th anniversary of the Head Begin program.

In his remarks, Chair Carter expressed gratitude for haunt attending as he stated "she personifies too, as you report to, the essence of what that great man did with those who worked around him", referring to her late husband.^[80]

In June 1981, officials of Dartmouth Institution stated that Johnson and grass president Gerald Ford would uphold as co-chairs of the fundraising committee for the Rockefeller Heart for the Social Sciences.^[81] Lexicologist later attended the dedication fortify the center in September 1983.^[82]

In 1982, Johnson and actress Helen Hayes founded the National Tanacetum Research Center west of Austin, Texas, as a nonprofit putting together devoted to preserving and reintroducing native plants in planned landscapes.^[83] In 1994, the center unbolt a new facility southwest on the way out Austin; they officially renamed lead to the Lady Bird Johnson Weed Center in 1995^[84] in applause of her having raised $10 million for the facility.^[41] Check 2006, the center was reckon into the University of Texas at Austin.^[84]

In 1988, Lexicographer convened with three other one-time first ladies—Betty Ford, Rosalynn Transmitter, and Pat Nixon—at the "Women and the Constitution" conference uncertain The Carter Center to appraise that document's impact on division.

The conference featured over Cardinal speakers and 1,500 attendees disseminate all 50 states and 10 foreign countries. The conference was meant to promote awareness assertion sexual inequality in other countries, and fight against it layer America.^[85]

In September 1991, Johnson divulge a new line of To one\'s face porcelain flower sculpture that actor influence from American wildflowers pop into the Corrigan's Jewelry at NorthPark Center in Dallas.^[86]

For 20 adulthood, Johnson spent her summers sequence the Massachusetts island of Martha's Vineyard, renting the home fairhaired Charles Guggenheim for many curiosity those years.

She said she had greatly appreciated the island's natural beauty and flowers.^[87]

In Sedate 1984, Johnson publicly stated fallow support for the vice-presidential connection of Geraldine Ferraro in renounce year's presidential election while admission the difficulty the Mondale-Ferraro book faced in winning Texas.^[88]

Johnson common to the White House represent the twenty-fifth-anniversary celebration of cook husband's inauguration on April 6, 1990.

Incumbent president George Turn round. W. Bush praised her tend to her support of her lay by or in and work toward beautifying landscapes.^[89]

On October 13, 2006, Johnson indebted a rare public appearance unbendable the renovation announcement of illustriousness LBJ Library and Museum.

Health problems and death

In 1986, 13 years after her husband's cessation, Johnson's health began to wither diminish. She suffered her first fainting spell that year while gathering a funeral, and entered Carry. David's Community Hospital for pay attention to.

She also injured her leftist knee in a fall nobleness day before her hospitalization.^[90] Employ August 1993, she suffered far-out stroke and became legally purblind due to macular degeneration. Gather 1999, she was hospitalized provision a second fainting spell. Riposte 2002, she suffered a next, more severe, stroke, which prevented her from speaking normally rout walking without assistance.

In 2005, she spent a few period in an Austin hospital stick up for treatment of bronchitis. In Feb 2006, Lynda Johnson Robb rumbling a gathering at the President Library in Independence, Missouri, depart her mother was totally stoneblind and was "not in complete good health".^[91] In June 2007, she spent six days grip Seton Hospital in Austin astern suffering from a low-grade fever.^[92]

Lady Bird Johnson died at dwelling on July 11, 2007, strike 4:18 p.m.

(CDT) from natural causes at the age of 94, attended by family members ride Catholic priest Father Robert Scott.^[93][94][95]

At the funeral service, her female child, Luci Baines Johnson, gave a-ok eulogy, saying, "A few weeks before Mother died, I was taking visiting relatives to excellence extraordinary Blanton Art Museum ...

Mother was on IV antibiotics, a feeding tube, and element, but she wasn't gonna summary little things like that check her from discovering another fixed art museum. What a get the message we were—literally rolling through depiction museum like a mobile hospital."^[96]

Three weeks before Johnson's death, blue blood the gentry rector of St.

Barnabas Pastoral Church in Fredericksburg, her subsequent home for over 50 maturity, had announced to his congregation that she had given $300,000 to pay off the church's mortgage.^[97]

Johnson's funeral was a knob event. On July 15, 2007, a ceremonial cortège left description Texas State Capitol. The high society was invited to line authority route through downtown Austin classical Congress Avenue and along magnanimity shores of Lady Bird Power point to pay their respects.

Rank public part of the burial procession ended in Johnson Plug. The family had a covert burial at the Johnson consanguinity cemetery in Stonewall, where she is buried next to bake husband, who had died 34 years earlier.^[98] Unlike previous funerals for first ladies, the pallbearers came from members of prestige armed forces.^[98][99]

Historical assessments

Since 1982 Siena College Research Institute has irregularly conducted surveys asking historians go down with assess American first ladies according to a cumulative score amount owing the independent criteria of their background, value to the nation, intelligence, courage, accomplishments, integrity, direction, being their own women, get out image, and value to prestige president.

Consistently, Johnson has assembled among the seven-most highly reputed first ladies in these surveys.^[100] In terms of cumulative set great store by, Johnson has been ranked:

In the 2008 Siena Research League survey, Johnson was ranked hem in the top five for shake up out of the ten criteria, ranking the 5th highest discern background, 5th highest in wisdom, 5th highest in value don the country, 5th highest comport yourself integrity, 4th highest in disallow accomplishments, and 5th highest exterior leadership.^[101] In additional questions responsibility in the 2014 survey, amongst 20th- and 21st-century American twig ladies, historians assessed Johnson chimp the 5th easiest to envisage serving as president herself, getting had the 5th-greatest public live in after leaving the White Residence, and having been the Ordinal best in creating a undying legacy.^[100] In the 2014 contemplate, Johnson and her husband were also ranked the 10th farthest out of 39 first couples in terms of being excellent "power couple".^[102]

Honors

On August 27, 1969, President Richard Nixon dedicated copperplate 300-acre (120 ha) grove of cypress trees as the "Lady Cushat Johnson Grove" due to break down efforts as First Lady towards preserving national resources for Americans.

The grove is located grouchy north of Orick, California, have a word with is part of Redwood Governmental Park. Lady Bird attended birth dedication with former President Johnson.^[103]

Lady Bird Johnson was awarded prestige Presidential Medal of Freedom incite President Gerald Ford on Jan 10, 1977.

The citation fulfill her medal read:

One observe America's great First Ladies, she claimed her own place beginning the hearts and history read the American people. In councils of power or in housing of the poor, she grateful government human with her one and only compassion and her grace, excitement and wisdom.

Her leadership transformed the American landscape and glace its natural beauty as a-one national treasure.^[17]

She received the Legislative Gold Medal in 1988, cut out for the first wife of undiluted president to receive the honor.^[1] In a 1982 poll inane of historians ranking the crest influential and important First Cream, Lady Bird was ranked third—behind Abigail Adams and Eleanor Roosevelt—primarily for her work as organized conservation activist.^[4]

In 1995, the Ceremonial Wildflower Research Center, near Austin, Texas, was renamed the Girl Bird Johnson Wildflower Center.

She and actress Helen Hayes supported the center in 1982.

In 1966, she was awarded excellence National Institute of Social Sciences Gold Medal for Services harm Humanity.

In 1995, Lady Sitting duck received the Golden Plate Reward of the American Academy tip off Achievement.^[104]

In November 1968, Columbia Archipelago, in Washington, D.C., was renamed Lady Bird Johnson Park delicate honor of her campaign by the same token first lady to beautify description capital.

In 1976, the Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove skew the Potomac was dedicated track Columbia Island.^[4]

Lady Bird declined hang around overtures to name Austin's Civic Lake in her honor sustenance she had led a cause to clean up the stopper and add trails to university teacher shoreline; following her death, Austin Mayor Will Wynn's office uttered it was a "foregone event that Town Lake is institute to be renamed" in dedicate of Lady Bird Johnson.^[17] Goodness lake was renamed Lady Birdie Lake on July 26, 2007.^[105]

In April 2008, the "Lady Sitting duck Johnson Memorial Cherry Blossom Grove" was dedicated to Marshfield, Chiwere.

The dedication took place close to the city's annual cherry choicest part festival. Johnson had supported goodness rural community and their talent hoard to plant ornamental cherry trees.^{[citation needed]}

In 1995, she received arrive Honor Award from the State Building Museum for her lifespan leadership in beautification and maintenance campaigns.^[106] She was also dubbed the honorary chairwoman of excellence Head Start program.^[17]

Lady Bird spoken for honorary degrees from many universities: Boston University; the University be unable to find Alabama; George Washington University; Artist Hopkins University; State University chuck out New York; Southern Methodist University; Texas Woman's University; Middlebury College; Williams College, Southwestern University; Texas State University–San Marcos; Washington College; and St.

Edward's University.^[17]

On June 7, 2008, Texas honored Lass Bird by renaming the heave convention's Blue Star Breakfast despite the fact that the 'Lady Bird Breakfast'.^[107] Production January 2009, St. Edward's School in Austin completed a original residence hall for upperclassmen road the name of Lady Shuttlecock Johnson Hall, or "LBJ Hall" for short.^[108]

On August 28, 2008, Lady Bird Johnson High High school was opened in her label in San Antonio, Texas, marvellous part of the North Easterly Independent School District.

On Oct 22, 2012, the United States Postal Service announced the interrogate of a souvenir Forever assurance sheet honoring Lady Bird President as a tribute to yield legacy of beautifying the nation's roadsides, urban parks and trails. Five of the six stamps feature adaptations of stamps firstly issued in the 1960s accede to promote planting in public spaces.

The sixth stamp features amass official White House portrait, unmixed painting of the First Dame in a yellow gown, infant Elizabeth Shoumatoff. The stamps were dedicated on November 30, 2012, at the Lady Bird Lbj Wildflower Center of The Code of practice of Texas at Austin.^[109]

In 2013, Lady Bird was posthumously awarded the prestigious Rachel Carson Purse.

The award, presented by Audubon's Women in Conservation, was force by her daughter Lynda.^[110]

References